天然气管道泄漏喷射火燃烧特性研究  

Numerical simulation analysis for the combustion characteristic features of the jet fire caused by the natural gas pipeline leakage

作　　者：刘少杰[1] 刘鹏翔[1] 雷婷[2] 陈国明[1] 李新宏[1] 徐文静[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)海洋油气装备与安全技术研究中心,山东青岛266580 [2]中国石油天然气管道工程有限公司,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2017年第6期2184-2190,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0802305);山东省科技发展计划项目(2014GSF120014)

摘　　要：针对天然气管道泄漏发生喷射火事故,采用动态火灾软件FDS进行天然气管道泄漏喷射火数值仿真,结合固体火焰模型分析了火焰几何特性、温度与热辐射空间分布等关键参数,依据温度与热辐射伤害准则确定了危险区域范围;并对比不同风速和泄漏孔径下火灾事故的危险范围,研究风速和泄漏孔径对火灾事故的影响程度。结果表明:热辐射是火灾后果的主导因素,25.4 mm泄漏孔径喷射火灾充分燃烧时,其火焰最高温度为1 200℃,喷射口25 m以内为危险区域,随风速增大,温度伤害范围略有增大,热辐射伤害范围显著增大;泄漏孔径变化对喷射火事故后果的影响与风速变化的影响相同,但泄漏孔径对事故后果的影响更为显著,泄漏孔径从6.35 mm增大至25.4 mm和101.6 mm,人员温度伤害半径分别增大2.71倍和10.42倍。最后,结合仿真结果,提出了具有针对性的喷射火应急防控措施。The paper is to devote itself to a numerical simulation analysis for the combustion characteristic features of the jet fire likely to be caused by the natural gas pipeline leakage. As is known,jet fire is the typical accident scenario in case of the gas pipeline leakage. To study the regularity of the natural gas pipeline leakage and restage such a disastrous image,we have managed to develop a CFD model based on the FDS software,by which we can visualize and assess the jet fire accident to be caused by such gas pipeline leakage more vividly. Practically speaking,the assessment of jet fire damage can be conducted via a solid flame model,which includes analysis of flame geometric characteristics,the spatial distribution of the heat radiation,high temperature extent and the fire growth scenario. Simultaneously,efforts are to be made to determine the range of the dangerous area by using the temperature and heat radiation destruction criteria.Based on the risk range comparison of the fire accidents under dif-ferent wind speeds and leakage aperture,the paper has made an investigation of the effects of the wind speeds and leakage apertures on the jet fire accidents. The study results show that the combustion reaches its fully burning stage 10 s later since the accident took place,whose thermal radiation should have a greater impact on the accident consequence in comparison to high temperature. In fact,when the flame temperature reaches 1 200℃ in case the leakage diameter is 25. 4 mm,the risk zone can be figured out within the 25 m sphere around the leakage center.However,if the wind speed increased by 5-10 m/s,the damage radius of the high temperature may not be basically changed.And,in such a situation,the damage radius of the thermal radiation may increase by 1. 41 times and 1. 53 times than the original radius. What is more,the leakage aperture may have greater influence on the consequence of the jet fire accident itself than the wind speed. For instance,when the leak aperture increased to25. 4 mm and 101. 6 mm,the

关 键 词：安全工程 天然气管道 喷射火 燃烧特性 FDS 数值仿真 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]