烤烟不同基因型钾营养特性研究  

Study on potassium nutrient characteristics of flue-cured tobacco of different genotypes

作　　者：许杰[1,2] 马文广 何冰 武恒燕[1] 孙志浩 薛刚[1] 杨铁钊[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州市文化路95号450002 [2]玉溪中烟种子有限责任公司,玉溪南祥路14号653100 [3]河南省烟草公司许昌市公司,许昌湖滨路43号461000

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2017年第6期45-52,共8页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：河南省烟草公司科技项目(HYKJZD201401)

摘　　要：为深入了解烤烟钾营养特性,选择烟叶钾含量具有差异的品种,在正常供钾和无外源钾条件下,研究了烤烟不同基因型对矿物钾活化、吸收、转运和积累的特性。结果表明:在供钾充足条件下,高钾基因型烤烟干物质积累、各部位钾含量和体外钾吸收效率显著高于低钾基因型,根系吸收钾素能力、向叶片中转运钾素能力较强。在无外源钾条件下,高钾基因型烤烟烟叶钾含量和整株钾积累量显著低于低钾基因型,耐低钾能力和根系吸钾能力显著低于低钾基因型。高钾基因型烤烟在缺钾时,会通过增大根系量,提高根冠比,增强对生长介质中矿物钾的活化来提高烟株根际钾含量,但是由于根系吸钾能力较弱,对活化出的钾素未能充分利用。高钾基因型具有对钾素敏感,吸收、转运和积累钾素能力强,钾响应度高,但是不耐低钾的特点,这对于高钾烤烟品种选育和营养施肥具有指导意义。Tobacco（Nicotiana tabacum L.） has a relatively high requirement for potassium（K）. In order to study K nutrient characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in depth, characteristics of mineral K activation, absorption, transport and accumulation of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes were studied under normal potassium supply（K＋） and non-potassium supply（K-） conditions. Results showed that, the efficiency of K absorption, K responsivity and K content of high K genotypes were higher than those in low K genotypes. Absorbing ability of root, potassium content and dry matter accumulation of high K genotypes were significantly reduced under K-condition. Low K tolerance ability of high K genotypes was lower than that of low K genotypes. High K genotypes would increase activation of mineral K in growth medium to meet their own needs by increasing root volume and root-shoot ratio under K-condition, but the K content of plant was significantly reduced because the lowest K absorption concentration was higher. High K genotypes is sensitive to K, ability of absorption, transport and accumulation of K and the utilization ratio of K fertilizer are high, but low K tolerance ability is low, which has a guiding significance for high K flue-cured tobacco variety breeding and fertilization.

关 键 词：烤烟 钾吸收效率 钾响应度 耐低钾能力 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]