要素流动与全要素生产率增长:来自国有部门改革的经验证据  

Factor Flow and TFP Growth:Evidence from China's SOE Reform

作　　者：黄先海[1] 金泽成 余林徽[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院

出　　处：《经济研究》2017年第12期62-75,共14页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(15ZDB156);国家社科基金重点项目(14AZD056);国家自科基金青年项目(71402162);浙江省社科重点研究基地项目(REOD201701);浙江省自科基金一般项目(LY18G030004)的资助

摘　　要：本文通过构建一个针对两部门的生产函数估计框架得到了我国制造业企业全要素生产率的一致性估计,并从要素流动的视角实证分析了上世纪末以来国有部门改革政策对我国制造业全要素生产率的影响效应。本文研究发现,"抓大"政策使国有部门通过企业优化重组和部门内要素流动提高了资源配置效率,最终提升了国有部门和制造业整体的生产率水平,而"放小"政策尽管对国有部门生产率有一定负效应,但通过部门间要素流动促进了制造业整体配置效率的提高,并贡献了1998—2007年制造业全要素生产率提升的25%。本文的研究结果不仅为理解21世纪以来中国经济高速增长之谜提供了经验证据,也为进一步完善我国社会主义市场经济体制和推动当前"供给侧结构性改革"提供了理论依据和政策启示。Summary： Identifying the sources of productivity growth of a country has always been the focus of economic research. In 1992, for the first time, China put forward the establishment of a socialist market economic system with Chinese characteristics in its 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China （CPC）. Five years later, detailed plans for economic system reform and strategies for economic development were released in the 15th National Congress of the CPC. Afterward, China began to experience rapid growth in per-capita income and total factor productivity （TFP） that lasted more than I0 years. The remarkable performance of China＇s economy since the late 1990s has aroused great interest from economic researchers in identifying the sources of its productivity growth. Drawing on a large firm-level dataset for the Chinese manufacturing industry spanning the period of 1998--2007, this paper aims to link the aforementioned productivity growth to the well-known reform of Chinese state-owned enterprises （SOEs） beginning in the late 1990s. The theme of this reform policy is ＂Grasp the Big, Let Go the Small＂--that is, focus on the big SOEs and give up the small ones. During this process, huge amounts of production factors flowed from the state sector to the non-state sector. Production factors also flowed within the state sector under the guidance of the government. After the reform, the number of SOEs decreased dramatically, accounting for only 15% of the total number of industrial firms in China. Song et al. （2011） points out that China＇s SOEs are less productive than its non-SOEs, although they are favored in the factor market. SOE reform facilitates capital and labor inflow into a more productive non-state sector and improves the resource allocation efficiency of the whole manufacturing industry. To consistently estimate production function and obtain the firm-level TFP, we follow Levinsohn ＆ Petrin （2003） to use an intermediate input as a proxy for the unobserved productiv

关 键 词：要素流动 全要素生产率 国有企业改革 供给侧结构性改革 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济]