地理距离、海拔和气候差异对独龙江流域维管植物群落物种空间相异性的影响  

Effects of geographical distance and differences in climate and altitude on species dissimilarity of vascular plant communities in the Dulongjiang River Watershed Area

作　　者：蒙洋[1,2] 邱月 张亮[1,3] 王翠玲 臧振华 张学耀[1,2] 申国珍 闫彩凤[1] 陈全胜[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [4]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《生物多样性》2017年第12期1313-1320,共8页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：科技部基础专项(2014FY210300-03);国家自然科学基金(41373080);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB150800)

摘　　要：物种相异性(species dissimilarity)主要反映了群落物种组成的时空变化,其与随机和确定性因素之间的关系能揭示群落构建及生物多样性形成和维持的机理。本文以独龙江流域植物群落为研究对象,以群落间Jaccard物种相异性指数为指标,分析它同地理距离、气候和海拔差异之间的关系及各类因子影响的权重。结果表明,群落间Jaccard物种相异性指数变化范围为0.42–1,且随自然对数转换的地理距离、海拔和气候差异(多年日平均温度,年平均降水量)的增大而呈显著的线性增加趋势;地理距离、气候差异和海拔差异可以解释独龙江流域群落物种相异性指数将近30%的变异。地理距离单独解释度为18.80%,气候差异和海拔差异分别可以解释3.47%和0.10%。研究结果表明,独龙江流域群落物种在空间上的更替是环境限制和扩散限制综合作用的结果。群落间物种相异性较大,且影响物种更替的因素中地理距离占有较大的权重,说明在对该地区进行生物多样性保护时,在综合考虑环境因素影响的基础上,还应充分考虑地形的阻隔作用和繁殖体扩散能力的大小。Species dissimilarity mainly reflects temporal and spatial variation in community composition. Its relationship with random and deterministic factors reveals community assembly, biodiversity formation, and maintenance mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed relationships between species dissimilarity of plant communities and influencing factors in the Dulongjiang River Watershed Area. Jaccard species dissimilarity, geographic distance, difference in climate （Mean Annual Temperature and Mean Annual Precipitation）, and altitude between any two communities were calculated. Results showed that the species turnover rate varied from 0.42 to 1. Species turnover significantly linearly increased with Ln-transformed geographic distance and differences in climate and altitude. Results from partial regression analysis showed that these three kinds of factors together can explain nearly 30% of species differences of vascular plant communities in the Dulongjiang River Watershed Area; independent effects of geographical distance, elevation difference, and cli- matic differences were 18.80%, 3.47%, and 0.10%, respectively. Species dissimilarity in the Dulongjiang Watershed Area results from the combination of environmental and dispersal limitations, which plays an important role in the conservation of plant biodiversity in the Dulongjiang Watershed Area. When biodiversity conservation is undertaken in the area, on the basis of considering the impact of environmental factors, the effects of topographical barriers and dispersal abilities of propagules should be fully considered.

关 键 词：生物多样性 群落构建 扩散限制 环境筛选 beta多样性 物种更替 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]