2007-2016年广州地区抗-HIV阳性无偿献血者人群特征分析  

Analysis of the characteristics of the volunteer blood donors with positive HIV antibody in Guangzhou region between 2007-2016

作　　者：李仲平[1] 梁浩坚[1] 王淏[1] 黄伯泉[1] 杜荣松[1] 杨穗群[1] 李艳芳 陈昱丰 郑优荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州血液中心广州市医学实验室,广东广州510095 [2]越秀区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2017年第11期1270-1274,共5页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：广东省科创委科技发展专项资金(2016A020216001)

摘　　要：目的调查分析2007-2016年广州地区无偿献血人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者人群特征,探讨新形势下采供血机构保障血液安全的措施。方法采用ELISA试剂对3 113 343份无偿献血者标本进行抗-HIV筛查,2次筛查阳性血液标本送广州市CDC或广州金域公司进行抗-HIV确认,对抗-HIV确认阳性献血者进行流行病学调查。结果 3 113 343份标本,抗-HIV确证阳性714例,总阳性率为22.93/10万。10年来,抗-HIV阳性率总体呈上升趋势(χ2=27.43,P<0.01);男性献血者抗-HIV阳性率(31.94/10万)高于女性(5.63/10万),呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。不同年龄组之间的抗-HIV阳性率比较有统计学差异(P<0.01),阳性率由高到低是25-34岁组、35-44岁组、18-24岁组、>45岁组,18-24岁组抗-HIV阳性率呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。个体献血者抗-HIV阳性率(31.02/10万)高于团体献血者(16.14/10万)(P<0.01),个体献血者抗-HIV阳性率呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。抗-HIV确认阳性献血者中异性性传播占60.22%(430/714),同性性传播的占26.19%(187/714),既往已确认感染占11.34%(81/714)。结论广州地区无偿献血人群的抗-HIV阳性率呈现逐年上升趋势,特别是18-24岁的男性献血人群增长较明显;男性献血人群抗-HIV阳性率明显高于女性献血人群,个体献血人群的抗-HIV阳性率明显高于团体献血人群;HIV感染途径主要通过异性性传播,其次为同性性传播。为进一步降低输血传播HIV风险,应加大无偿献血及艾滋病预防知识的宣传力度,坚持从低危人群中招募献血者,发展团体献血;同时加强街头固定献血点的献血前健康征询,排除以体检为目的的高危险献血者献血。Objective To investigate and analyze the characteristics of volunteer blood donors with positive HIV antibody in Guangzhou region from 2007 to 2016 to provide clues for the blood bank to ensure the safety of blood in the new situation. Methods A total of 3 113 343 blood specimens of the voluntary blood donors were performed HIV antibody screening test by using a ELISA kit. All the suspicious cases with positive reactive result in two testing were sent to Guangzhou CDC or Guangzhou King Med diagnostics for HIV antibody identification.All the HIV infected donors were followed up to conduct a epidemiological investigation. Results A total of 714 cases were confirmed with positive HIV antibody among the 3 113 343 donors at a positive rate of 22. 93%. In the past 10 years,the HIV antibody positive rate was on the rise（ P〈0. 01）. The HIV antibody positive rate of male donors（ 31. 94 per hundred thousand） was higher than females（ 5. 63 per hundred thousand）,with an increasing trend（ P〈0. 01）. The HIV antibody positive rate between different age groups were statistically different（ P〈0. 01）. The positive rate between different age groups ranged from high to low was 25-34 years old group,35-44 years old group,18-24 years old group,45 years old group. In the 10 years observed,the positive rate of 18-24 year olds group was on the rise（ P〈0. 01）. The HIV antibody positive rate of individual donors（ 31. 02 per hundred thousand） was higher than grouped donor＇s（ 16. 14 per hundred thousand）,and it was on the rise（ P〈0. 01）. A statistically significant difference in trend was noted in the positive rate in individual donors in different years（ chi-square = 19. 76,P〈0. 05）. Among 714 antibody positive cases with confirmation testing,heterosexual transmission cases accounted for 60. 22%（ 430/714）,while homosexual transmission cases accounted for 26. 19%（ 187/714）,and the cases with previous confirmed diagnosis accounted for 11. 34%（ 81/714）. Conclusion The HIV antibo

关 键 词：无偿献血者 人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIV) 男男性行为 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] R446[医药卫生—临床医学]