不同配方培养料生产双孢蘑菇过程中主要木质纤维素降解酶及物料组分的变化  

Changes of lignocellulolytic enzymes and material components in different compost formulas during the production of Agaricus bisporus

作　　者：秦改娟 王晓 陈青君 张国庆 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室,北京102206 [2]北京农学院生物科学与工程学院农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2017年第6期1035-1041,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：北京市科技新星项目(xx2015B025);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B09);现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队建设经费(PXM2016-_014207_000036)资助~~

摘　　要：为探讨双孢蘑菇生产过程木质纤维素的利用情况,以麦草秸秆、玉米秸秆和杂草秸秆为主料的3种不同配方的培养料为研究材料,分别测定各配方培养料不同时期主要胞外木质纤维素降解酶活性和木质纤维素组分(纤维素、半纤维素和木质素)的相对含量,并统计各配方产量.结果显示,麦草配方(FWS)的纤维素酶总活性和木聚糖酶活性不断升高,出菇期达到稳定;玉米秸秆配方和杂草配方堆肥期的纤维素酶总活性保持在1 U/g左右,发菌期大幅升高,出菇期先稳定后下降,木聚糖酶活性始终保持在7.97-23.85 U/g之间;3个配方的漆酶活性在堆肥期未检测到,发菌期升至最高,出菇期快速降低.3个配方堆肥期纤维素和半纤维素的相对含量明显下降,木质素相对含量则几乎不变.发菌及出菇期木质素与半纤维素的相对含量较纤维素的下降明显.3个配方双孢蘑菇的产量关系为麦草配方(30.00 kg/m^2)>玉米秸秆配方(17.21 kg/m^2)>杂草配方(16.67 kg/m^2).本研究表明堆肥期主要为堆肥微生物及物理化学作用降解纤维素和半纤维素,发菌期则主要是双孢蘑菇菌丝利用木质素;从播种至三潮菇清床,双孢蘑菇菌丝主要利用木质素和半纤维素;本研究中麦草配方是栽培双孢蘑菇的最佳培养料,而玉米秸秆配方和杂草配方有待进一步优化.In order to investigate the utilization of lignocellulose during Agaricus bisporus production, three formulas were studied. Wheat straw （FMS）, corn stalks （FCS）, and reservoir weeds （FRW） were used as principal carbon sources. During the composting and fruiting stages, activities of main lignocellulolytic enzymes and relative proportions of lignocellulosic components （lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose） were assayed. After harvest, mushroom yields in different formulas were counted. The results showed that total cellulase and xylanase activities in FWS continuously increased and stayed at a high level during the fruiting period. Total cellulase activities of FCS and FRW were ~1 U/g during the composting period, followed by a sharp increase and soft decrease during the fruiting period. Xylanase activity of FCS and FRW stayed in a range of 7.97–23.85 U/g. Laccase activities in the three formulations were unmeasurable during the composting stage, reached the highest level in the spawning period, and then rapidly decreased in the fruiting period. During the composting period, relative contents of cellulose and hemicellulose in the three formulations significantly decreased, while relative content of lignin did not change. The relative contents of lignin and hemicellulose decreased obviously in the spawning period and fruiting period. Total yields of the three formulations were FWS （30.00 kg/m2） 〉 FCS （17.21 kg/m2） 〉 FRW （16.67 kg/m2）. During composting, microbial communities and physicochemical properties had strong effects on cellulose and hemicellulose degradation. On the other hand, lignin was mainly used by A. bisporus mycelia at the spawning stage. In the spawning and fruiting period, A. bisporus mycelia mainly used lignin and hemicellulose. Based on the present study, FWS is the best culture formula for mushroom production, while formulas FCS and FRW need further improvements.

关 键 词：双孢蘑菇 秸秆 堆肥 胞外酶活 木质纤维素 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]