双低杂交油菜‘丰油10号’干物质积累及养分吸收规律  

Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Absorption of Double-low Hybrid Rapeseed Variety 'Fengyou No.10'

作　　者：曹金华[1] 王建平[1] 朱家成[1] 张书芬[1] 文雁成[1] 何俊平[1] 赵磊[1] 蔡东芳[1] 王东国[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第34期32-39,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金"国家油菜产业技术体系建设"(CARS-13);国家自然科学基金项目"油菜种质资源抗旱性鉴定技术体系构建及耐旱分子机理解析"(31271763);河南省重大科技专项"芝麻油菜新品种选育与机械化生产技术研究"(151100111200)

摘　　要：为了解双低杂交油菜新品种‘丰油10号’养分吸收利用规律,以‘丰油10号’为材料,在河南油菜主产区进行田间试验,分析了油菜各器官干物质积累量以及成熟期氮、磷、钾、硫、硼养分的累积量。结果表明:油菜全株干物质积累量随生育进程的推进呈"S"形变化曲线,蕾薹期至花期呈快速增长趋势;油菜籽粒产量与苗期干物质积累量呈抛物线关系(R2=0.9798**),与开花期-成熟期干物质净增量呈显著线性关系(R=0.9879**)。籽粒是氮、磷的分配中心,分别占总吸收量的73.32%和75.16%;钾主要分布在茎枝和角果壳中,籽粒中钾素仅占总吸收量的21.31%;硫主要分布在角果壳和籽粒中;硼元素主要分布在茎枝和籽粒中,占总吸收量的69.89%;根中各养分分布均最少,分配比例也最低。新品种‘丰油10号’地上部分与全株干物质积累量均随生育时期的推进呈现"慢—快—慢"的变化曲线,根、茎、叶中的养分N和P在花期后会转移到籽粒中,因此,油菜花期前保证充足的养分供给是高产的前提。To study nutrient absorption and utilization of double-low hybrid rape new variety‘Fengyou No.10＇（Brassica napus L.）, we conducted a field experiment in the main rapeseed producing area of Henan with‘Fengyou No.10＇as material, and examined the dry matter accumulation in the whole growth period and N, P,K, S and B absorption in different organs at mature stage. The results showed that dry matter accumulation ofwhole plant showed S-type curve with the growth process, presenting a trend of rapid growth from boltingperiod to flowering stage, as well as a parabolic relationship（R2=0.9798＊＊） between grain yield and dry matteraccumulation in the seedling stage, and a significant linear relationship between grain yield and net increase ofdry matter accumulation from flowering stage to mature stage（R2=0.9879＊＊）. Both N and P were mostlydistributed in grain, which was respectively 73.32% and 75.16% of the total uptake. K content was mainlydistributed in stems and pods, and K content in grains took up only 21.31% of the total uptake, S content wasmainly distributed in pods and grains, B content of stems and grains was higher, accounting for 69.89% of thetotal uptake. The amounts of N, P, K, S and B in root were the least, and the distribution ratios were the lowest.Dry matter accumulation both in the upper part and in the whole plant of‘Fengyou No.10＇showed a＂slow-fast-slow＂change curve with the growth process. Accumulation of N and P in roots and stems and leaves couldbe transferred to the grain after flowering. So, sufficient fertilizer supply before flowering stage is the guaranteeof high yield.

关 键 词：双低杂交油菜 产量 干物质累积量 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]