不同灌溉阈值对‘巨峰’葡萄树体生长与果实品质的影响  

Effect of different irrigation thresholds on tree growth and fruit quality in 'Kyoho' grape

作　　者：娄玉穗[1] 王世平[2] 苗玉彬[3] 吕中伟[1] 王鹏[1] 许广敏 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院园艺研究所,郑州450002 [2]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240 [3]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240 [4]新乡县林业技术推广中心,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第1期46-55,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-30-zp-07;CARS-30-16)

摘　　要：【目的】验证之前研究所确定的‘巨峰’葡萄果实发育不同时期开始灌溉的土壤水势阈值。【方法】以6 a生盆栽‘巨峰’葡萄自根植株为试验材料,设定在果实发育不同时期按照之前研究所确定的阈值进行灌溉(中度灌溉),并设置过度灌溉、胁迫灌溉和严重胁迫灌溉3个对照处理,比较各处理的新梢生长、果实生长、果实品质以及劳动力消耗等指标。【结果】中度灌溉处理的葡萄新梢生长适中,摘心次数较少,叶片净光合速率最高,果实生长最快,可滴定酸含量低(0.33%,ω,后同),可溶性固形物含量高(19.0%),糖酸比高(57.6),上色较好(花青素含量0.078 mg·g^(-1)),综合表现最佳。【结论】从发芽期到幼果期适宜开始灌溉的土壤水势阈值为-10.0 kPa,之后到转色期之前为-15.0 kPa,转色期到成熟期为-20.0 kPa,采收后为-10.0 kPa。[Objective] To verify the reliability of the established soil water potential threshold values to trigger irrigation at different fruit developmental periods in ＇ Kyoho＇ grape. The soil water potential thresh- old value was -10.0 kPa after berry set, -15.0 kPa from berry first rapid growth period to seed hardening, and- 20.0 kPa from veraison to the maturation period, which were established in our previous studies based on berry growth, leaf photosynthetic rate, and the allocation of photosynthetic products to fruit. These threshold values should enable rapid berry expansion and more photosynthetic products transported to fruit, and have no significant influence on leaf net photosynthetic rate. [ Methods ] 6-year-old potted own-rooted ＇Kyoho＇ grapevines were used as the experimental materials. Medium irrigation （according to the established soil water potential threshold values before to trigger irrigation during pivotal fruit develop- mental periods, which were berry set, the first rapid growth period, and veraison） and three treatments of over irrigation, stress irrigation and high stress irrigation were set up. The soil water potential threshold value to trigger irrigation of over irrigation was -5 kPa during the whole growing season. The threshold val- ues for stress irrigation and high stress irrigation were 5 kPa and 10 kPa, respectively, smaller than the es- tablished soil water potential threshold value during pivotal fruit developmental periods （-15 kPa,-20 kPa, and -25 kPa for stress irrigation, and -20 kPa, -25 kPa, and -30 kPa for high stress irrigation）. Soil water potential was determined with three waterproof soil moisture tension meters for each treatment dur- ing the whole experiment process. Then the phenological periods, shoot length, shoot diameter, leaf area per shoot, leaf chlorophyll content, the diurnal variation of photosynthetic rate, berry diameter, total solu- ble solid content, titratable acid content, ratio of soluble solid content to titration acid, anthocyanin

关 键 词：'巨峰’葡萄 灌溉阈值 树体生长 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]