3个葡萄株系在盐胁迫下的离子运输与分配  

Ion transport and distribution in three grape strains under salt stress

作　　者：付晴晴[1] 谭雅中 翟衡[1] 杜远鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院.作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第1期56-65,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家葡萄产业技术体系(CARS-30);教育部"长江学者和创新团队发展计划"创新团队(IRT15R42);山东省公益性重点研发计划(2017GNC13112)

摘　　要：【目的】探究100 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫下,耐盐性不同的葡萄株系矿质离子运输和分配的特征,揭示盐胁迫下耐盐性不同的葡萄株系的耐盐机制。【方法】以‘左山一’×SO4杂种砧木F1代的2个株系(A17、A38)以及砧木1103P的1 a(年)生盆栽扦插苗为试材,进行100 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫处理,处理20 d后测定各株系根、茎和叶中的离子含量;以A17、A38和1103P继代30 d的组培苗为试材,用100 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫处理24 h后,利用多通道植物离子检测系统(Younger USA)进行根系Na^+流变化的检测。【结果】(1)盐胁迫处理下,砧木株系A17叶片及整株中Na^+积累较少,胁迫后的Na^+总量分别是对照的4倍和2.24倍,其根系Na^+平均净流量为1 513 pmol·cm-2·s-1;而1103P胁迫后的叶片和整株的Na^+总量较高,是对照的14.65倍和2.86倍,其根系外排Na^+的平均净流量较低,为863 pmol·cm-2·s-1。(2)A17和A38株系叶片中能够保持较高的K^+、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)和Fe^(2+)总量以及K^+/Na^+、Ca^(2+)/Na^+和Mg^(2+)/Na^+比值,维持相对较高的SK,Na、SCa,Na和SMg,Na值。【结论】耐盐性强的砧木株系吸收钠离子含量少,外排Na^+的能力较强,且根系具有较强的Na^+截留作用,并且保持叶片内K^+、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)和Fe^(2+)等离子含量较高,维持植株内部的离子平衡。[Objective] Soil salinization is an important environmental problem that restricts agricultural development and crop growth. High saline and alkaline soils cover approximately 36 million hm2 of land in China, and accounts for approximately 1/3 of the total saline-alkaline land in Asian. In China, saline and alkaline lands are chiefly distributed in the northern arid, semi-arid and semi-humid areas, and those in Xinjiang account for about a third of the total cultivated land. Grape plants have strong salt tolerance com- pared with other fruit trees, but the salinity tolerance of Vitis labrusca is generally lower than that of V. vi- nifera. ＇Beta＇ is a widely used rootstock, but its salt tolerance is weak, and rootstock 1103P also can not satisfy the needs of production either. So it is important to breed salt-resistant rootstocks with cold hardiness to solve the ecological problem in northwest grape-producing areas. In our previous study, the salt tolerance of hybrids （V. amurensis ‘Zuoshan＇ × SO4） with cold hardiness and phylloxera resistance were evaluated, and rootstock 1103P was used as the control. The results showed A34, A35, A15 and A17 had strong salt tolerance; A38, A48 and B24 had medium salt resistance; and the salt resistance of 1103P and B26 were weak. In this study, ion transport and distribution of A17, A38 and 1103P under 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl treatment were studied. [Methods] One-year-old cuttings of A17, A38 and rootstock 1103P were planted in pots （diameter 17 cm, height 25 cm） containing mixture of soil, sand and peat （2：1：1）. When the plants had 8-10 fully expanded leaves, some of the plants were irrigated with 1 000 mL 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl every 3 days at 5：00-6：00 pm, while the tents of ions in roots, stems and leaves of each other plants irrigated with water as the control. The con- strain were determined after 20 days of stress treatment. A17, A38 and rootstock 1103P in vitro were used to study the Na＋ net flow in root system. Plants were cultured in 30 mL MS li

关 键 词：葡萄砧木 盐胁迫 矿质离子 运输 分配 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]