6个石榴品种抗寒性评价及方法筛选  

Selection of methods for evaluation on cold tolerance of six pomegranate varieties

作　　者：刘贝贝[1] 陈利娜[1] 牛娟[1] 李好先[1] 张杰[1] 曹尚银[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第1期66-73,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项重点项目(2012 FY110100);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2017-ZFRI-03)

摘　　要：【目的】综合评价6个石榴品种的抗寒性,为石榴抗寒种质的筛选提供可靠的鉴定方法。【方法】取6个石榴品种(‘三白’‘陕大籽’‘蒙自甜绿籽’‘青皮软籽’‘突尼斯软籽’‘以色列2号’)休眠期的1 a(年)生枝条,测定枝条含水量,之后对枝条进行-4、-8、-12、-16、-20℃低温处理,测定相对电导率(REC)、半致死温度(LT50)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性糖含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理指标的变化。根据指标的变化综合评价6个品种的抗寒性。【结果】束缚水/自由水比值最大的为‘三白’,最小的为‘突尼斯软籽’;6个品种的REC、Pro含量、可溶性糖含量、SOD活性、MDA含量随低温胁迫的加剧不断增大,但温度超过调节范围就会下降。用隶属函数法对6个石榴品种的抗寒性进行综合评价,抗寒性为‘三白’>‘陕大籽’>‘蒙自甜绿籽’>‘青皮软籽’>‘突尼斯软籽’>‘以色列2号’,这一结果与LT50得出的顺序一致。【结论】用LT50评价石榴抗寒性是一种可行及可靠的方法。[Objective] Pomegranate, originating in central Asia, is an important economic truit tree, but tt is vulnerable to frost damage in cultivation areas in central and northern China, which seriously restricts the development of pomegranate industry in China. Based on the comprehensive evaluation on cold tolerance of six pomegranate cuhivars （‘Tunisirnanzi＇ ‘Israel 2＇ ‘Qingpiruanzi＇ ‘Mengzitianliizi＇ ‘Sanbai＇ and ‘Shandazi＇）, we screened a reliable method to select pomegranate resources with better tolerance to low temperatures as suitable parents for breeding new varieties with cold hardiness by crossing. [ Methods ] At present, there are many methods for the evaluating cold tolerance of fruit trees, and each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, we have to comprehensively consider the effects of various indicators when evaluating cold hardiness of pomegranates. This research took annual dormant branches of six pomegranate eultivars as materials, which were even in size and free from diseases and pests. After they were rinsed in de-ionized water, their water content including free water and bound water measured. The branches were then put into incubators and exposed to -4, -8, -12, -16 or-20℃ for 24 hours, and various physiological indexes were measured including the relative conductivity （REC）, the half-lethal tem-perature （LT50）, superoxide disnmtase （SOD） activity and the contents of proline （Pro）, soluble sugars and malondialdehyde （MDA）. According to the change of each index in response to the low temperature stress-siruanzi＇ 〉 ‘Israel 2＇. Soluble sugar content in the six varieties rose first and then decreased as tempera- ture became lower. The order of cold hardiness based on soluble sugar content was ‘Sanbai＇ 〉 ‘Shan- dazi＇ 〉 ‘Mengzitianliizi＇ 〉 ‘Tunisiruanzi＇ 〉 ‘Israel 2＇ 〉 ‘Qingpiruanzi＇. Active oxygen in plants is stable under the suitable growth environment, but increases dramatically when plant

关 键 词：石榴 低温胁迫 生理指标 隶属函数法 半致死温度 

分 类 号：S665.4[农业科学—果树学]