3种热带特色果树寒冻害低温等级指标的确定  

Determination of cold and freezing injury grade indexes for three tropical characteristic fruit trees

作　　者：陈惠[1] 杨凯[1] 李政[2] 陈福梓 彭继达[1] 林晶[1] 李丽纯[1] 唐力生[4] 马治国[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省气象科学研究所,福州350001 [2]广西壮族自治区气象减灾研究所,南宁530022 [3]漳州市热带作物气象站,福建漳州363001 [4]广东省气候中心,广州510080

出　　处：《果树学报》2018年第1期82-93,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201406027);福建省科技厅农业引导性(重点)项目(2017N0011)

摘　　要：【目的】我国莲雾、杧果、青枣寒冻害年年有不同程度的发生。为了达到合理布局,减少寒冻害损失,迫切需要建立3种热带果树寒冻害等级指标。【方法】根据历史气候和大尺度寒冻害灾情考察资料、果园定位观测试验、2 a的地理移放试验、人工气候箱致灾试验等多种试验方法,分析寒冻害调查及试验莲雾、青枣、杧果的形态变化,对照寒冻害形态学标准,确定调查灾情及试验样本灾情等级,采用数理统计和对比印证方法,对热带特色果树寒冻害低温等级指标进行研究。【结果】确定了3种热带特色果树的寒冻害低温等级指标,分别为莲雾:Tmin>5.5℃,无寒冻害,正常生长;3.0℃<Tmin≤5.5℃,轻度;1.0℃<Tmin≤3.0℃,中度;-1.5℃<Tmin≤1.0℃,重度;Tmin≤-1.5℃,极重,不可恢复或死亡。青枣:Tmin>5.0℃,无寒冻害,正常生长;3.0℃<Tmin≤5.0℃,轻度;0.5℃<Tmin≤3.0℃,中度;-2.5℃<Tmin≤0.5℃,重度;Tmin≤-2.5℃,极重,不可恢复或死亡。杧果:Tmin>2.0℃,无寒冻害,正常生长;0.5℃<Tmin≤2.0℃,轻度;-1.0℃<Tmin≤0.5℃,中度;-2.5℃<Tmin≤-1.0℃,重度;Tmin≤-2.5℃,极重,不可恢复或死亡。【结论】莲雾、杧果、青枣等级指标通过人工气候箱致灾试验、地理移放试验和典型年实际灾情验证,验证吻合率高,可以在生产实际中应用。[Objective] The planting benefits of wax large and these fruit trees had developed rapidly in apples, mangos and Zizyphus mauritiana are relatively recent years in Fujian, Guangxi, and Guangdong prov- inces. However, these areas belong to the northern edge of the tropical fruit trees planting area and cou- pled with the blind actions of farmers, cold and freezing injuries occur annually in varying degrees. Cur- rently, there are no cold and freezing injury grade indexes of Zizyphus mauritiana and mangos and only preliminary studies on wax apples. In order to achieve a reasonable layout, to reduce the loss from cold and freezing injuries and to ensure the healthy and stable development of tropieal fruit trees, there is an ur- gent need to establish cold and freezing injury grade indexes for wax apples and mangos and Zizyphus mauritiana by using a variety of different methods. [ Methods ] Based on the historical climate data and the investigated data of large-scale cold and freezing injuries and other experimental methods, the morpholog- ical changes of wax apples, Zizyphus mauritiana and mangos were analyzed. According to the morphologi- cal standard of cold and freezing injuries, the grade of injury samples was determined. On the basis of the cold and freezing grade （x） and the minimum temperature （Td） samples of process before 2015, the rela- tionship between X and Td was established by means of mathematical statistics and the grade indexes of cold and freezing injuries were preliminarily determined. The grade indexes of three fruit trees were deter- mined by validation methods of artificial climate chamber experiments and geographical transplantation experiments and actual orchard disaster samples in 2016. [ Results ]The relationship between the grade di- saster （X） of three fruit trees and the minimum temperature （Td） of the related processes were determined by applying many functional equations, with the results showing that the fitting effect of an equation of one degree, an equation of two d

关 键 词：莲雾 杧果 青枣 寒冻害 低温指标 

分 类 号：S667[农业科学—果树学]