枣炭疽病菌鉴定及9种杀菌剂对其菌丝生长的影响  

Identification of the pathogen of anthracnose on jujube and toxicity of nine fungicides against mycelial growth

作　　者：何永波[1] 王海燕[2] 秦国杰[1] 李磊[1] 罗春香[1] 陈晓斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院园艺研究所,太原030031 [2]山西省农业科学院高粱研究所

出　　处：《中国果树》2018年第1期32-35,I0002,共5页China Fruits

基　　金：山西省财政支农项目(2016NYGX-06);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题(CXKT1520)

摘　　要：为明确枣炭疽病的病原菌,从病样中分离病原菌并选择获得代表性的2个菌株,研究病原菌的形态学特征、rDNA-ITS序列、致病性及9种杀菌剂对其菌丝生长的影响。结果表明:引起枣炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides),该病原菌主要侵染枣果实,发病初期果皮病斑为淡黄色,逐渐变成黑褐色圆形或近圆形斑,病斑中央凹陷,边缘呈黄色晕圈。吡唑醚菌酯和咪鲜胺对炭疽菌菌株YY-02和YY-05的菌丝生长抑制作用最强,其平均EC_(50)值分别为0.27,0.23μg/ml,2种药剂的毒力显著高于其他药剂;戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、醚菌酯、三唑酮4种药剂对胶孢炭疽菌YY-02和YY-05菌丝也具有一定的抑制作用,其平均EC_(50)值分别为2.85、2.97、3.17、5.69μg/mL。建议在枣炭疽病发病的不同时期,轮换使用吡唑醚菌酯、咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、醚菌酯和三唑酮等杀菌剂,以有效控制该病害。The anthracnose on Ziziphusjujuha was observed in plantation of Shanxi province. To identify the pathogen of anthracnose for jujube, two representative strains were isolated from samples with typical disease symptoms. The morphological characteristics, pathogenicity test and molecular identification method were used to confirm the pathogen of anlhracnose. The result showed that two representative strains were identified as C. gloeosporioides based on morphological, physiological test and ITS sequence comparison. The typical symptom appeared as mottling, patching, ellipse with a yellow halo, and the disease spot is a little bit hollow. Pyraclostrobin and prochloraz had maximum toxicity against mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides with the average EC50 value of 0.27μg/mL and 0.23 μg/mL, respectively; while tebuconazole, difenoconazole, kresoxim-methyl and triadimefon had good toxicity against conidial germination with the average EC50 value of 2.85, 2.97, 3.17, 5.69μg/mL, respectively.

关 键 词：枣 炭疽病 胶孢炭疽菌 分生孢子 

分 类 号：S436.65[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]