外来主体与近代乡土社会——以中华平民教育促进会的“新都实验”为例  

External Subjects and Rural Society in Modern China: A Case Study of “Xindu Experiment”Led by Chinese National Association of Mass Education Movement

作　　者：张艺英 李军[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,成都610041 [2]西南大学中国乡村建设学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第1期23-34,共12页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDA064)

摘　　要：1937年4月,四川省政府与晏阳初主办的平教会合作的新都实验县成立,以县政改革和乡村建设为两大目标,县府人员随之改为以平教会和中央政治大学毕业生为主;然而不到两年即爆发的"新都事件"致实验县名存实亡。通过考察新都实验过程及制度构建、财政开支以及农民负担等情况,从交易成本与制度成本(1)的理论视角能够解读"新都事变"的深层原因。这或许是一个悖论:企图进入乡土社会的外来主体越是推进现代治理,则与分散小农之间的交易成本越高;组织机构庞大、改制成本推高,财政亏损代价则进一步转嫁给民众,导致地方势力藉此反抗酿成群体性事件。最终,实验失败后的两任县长惟交好袍界甚至加入袍哥组织,回归到依靠非正规但低成本的社会组织治理乡土社会的老路。＂Xindu Experimental County＂was founded in April,1937,cooperated by Sichuan Provincial Government and the Chinese National Association of Mass Education Movement（ CNAMEM） led by Y. C.James Yen,who set the reform of county governments and rural construction as two major goals. The county officials were mainly composed of members of CNAMEM and graduates of Central Political University. But less than two years later,the experimental county became only an empty title due to ＂Xindu Incident＂. This paper examines such factors as the experimental process,system construction,financial expenditure and farmer＇s burden to explore the underlying causes of ＂Xindu Incident＂from the theoretical perspective of transaction cost or system cost. It reveals a paradox： the more vigorous effort the external subjects exerted in promoting modern governance in rural society,the higher transaction cost with scattered farmers; meanwhile,the cost in maintaining a large organizational structure,higher cost in restructuring and financial deficits were further transferred to the populace,resulting in the rebel of local forces which further exacerbated into a massive incident. After the failure of the experiment,two county magistrates established close friendship with the local brotherhood organization—paoge,and even joined them,returning to the old way of rural governance which relied heavily on non-official but cost-efficient social organizations.

关 键 词：新都事变 外来主体 平教会 县政改革 乡村建设 

分 类 号：D693[政治法律—政治学]