京郊露地蔬菜废弃物原位还田的农学效应研究  

Research on the Agriculture Effect of In Situ Return of Open Field Vegetable Waste in the Suburb of Beijing

作　　者：刘本生[1] 杨岩[2,3] 孙钦平 李吉进[1] 许俊香[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097 [2]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/山东省植物营养与肥料重点实验室,山东济南250100 [3]农业部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室,山东济南250100

出　　处：《蔬菜》2018年第1期16-21,共6页Vegetables

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(D161100005516003);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2016B06)

摘　　要：为简化蔬菜废弃物处理方式,减少处理成本投入,选择京郊露地西兰花连作种植区为试验地点,以是否喷消毒剂为主处理,以蔬菜废弃物的不同还田量为副处理进行裂区试验。通过对不同处理间的西兰花产量、生物量和吸氮量及0~90 cm土壤理化性状的测定比较,得出以下结论:与不喷消毒剂相比,喷消毒剂能够使西兰花的产量、生物量和吸氮量分别显著提高13.42%、7.35%和17.06%,表层土壤全氮和有机质含量分别显著提高15.12%和37.14%,EC值显著降低15.06%,有效消减0~90 cm的Nmin含量18.34%;不同还田量处理的产量、吸氮量、表层土壤的理化性状及0~90 cm土壤Nmin含量均与对照处理无显著差异,但还田量为70%时,西兰花生物量较对照处理显著增加6.21%;主副处理间交互作用不显著。综上所述,试验条件下,单位面积内废弃物产生量的70%还田并喷施消毒剂的处理为最优组合。To simplify the vegetable waste handling mode and reduce processing costs, this study chose continuous cropping area of open field broccoli in Beijing suburb as the test site. Split plot experiment was carried out with whether spraying disinfectant as the main processing and different quantity of vegetable waste returned to the field as secondary processing. Based on the comparison of the broccoli yield, phytomass, nitrogen uptake, and the 0-90 cm soil physicochemical properties among different treatments, the results showed that compared with no disinfectant, spraying disinfectant significantly increased the yield, phytomass and nitrogen uptake by 13.42%, 7.35% and 17.06%, respectively, made the surface soil total nitrogen and organic matter content significantly increased by 15.12% and 37.14%, respectively, significantly reduced EC value by 15.06%, effectively reduced 18.34% of Nmin content of 0-90 cm soil. The yield, nitrogen uptake, the physicochemical properties of surface soil and 0-90 cm soil Nmin content with different returning amount had no significant difference with control. However, when returning amount was 70%, broccoli phytomass significantly increased by 6.21% than control. There was no significant interaction between primary and secondary treatments. Above all, under the condition of the test, the treatment of 70% of the waste production in a unit area returned to the field with spraying disinfectant was treated as the optimal combination.

关 键 词：露地蔬菜 蔬菜废弃物 原位还田 农学效应 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]