中国农民收入可持续增长的长效路径分析  

Long-term path of Chinese farmers' income growth

作　　者：全世文[1] 黄波[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京100732 [2]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872

出　　处：《世界农业》2018年第1期4-12,36,共10页World Agriculture

基　　金：中国社会科学院亚洲研究中心课题"中国与韩国的可持续农业发展发展路径比较"(2017YYZX003)

摘　　要：提高农民收入、缩小城乡差距是未来一段时期中国农业发展面临的一个关键问题。近年来,随着中国宏观经济进入新常态,农民可持续增收的压力正在逐渐凸显。本文结合农业经济发展的基本规律,分析了中国当前农民收入构成中农业经营收入和工资性收入增长的困境及其原因。小规模经营格局是当前抑制中国农业劳动生产率增长的主要原因,而城乡之间公共服务资源的差异化分配也阻碍了当前农民工数量和农民收入水平的快速上升。农业规模经营是中国未来实现产业平衡和城乡平衡的一个必要前提。但是,中国当前的农业政策体系在多重目标下存在功能性错位,持续增加的农业补贴导致地租快速上涨,反而阻碍了农业经营规模的扩大。为了构建农业产业发展和农民增收的长效机制,当前中国农业政策体系调整的关键是要将农业产业发展的核心目标由保障粮食安全转变为增强农业国际竞争力。To increase farmers' income and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas are crucial problem of China's agriculture development in future.In recent years,as China's economy growth moderates,the pressure of increasing farmers' income is increasingly prominent.According to the basic law of agriculture development,this paper respectively analyzes the growth difficulties of farmers' agriculture operating income and wage income.Small-scaled management is the core reason inhibiting the growth of China's agriculture labor productivity.And the discrepancies of public service between urban and rural areas have also hindered the rapid increase of rural migrant workers and their salary.Expansion of management scale is a precondition to realize the balance among industries and the balance between urban and rural areas.However,China's current agriculture policy system has conflicting objectives.Increasing agricultural subsidies induce the rent of arable land surge dramatically in recent years,which impede the scale expansion of China's agriculture management.In order to build a long-term mechanism to promote agriculture development and increase farmers' income,current agriculture policy system should be adjusted,and the key is to replace the core objective of ensuring food security with enhancing the international competitiveness of agriculture.

关 键 词：农民收入 农业劳动生产率 农业经营规模 粮食安全 农业国际竞争力 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]