中美棉花保险政策的对比研究  

Comparison of cotton insurance policy between the US and China

作　　者：晁娜娜[1] 胡林轩 杨汭华[1] 原瑞玲[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]日本北海道大学农学院 [3]农业部农村经济研究中心,北京100810

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2018年第1期71-79,共9页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71473252);农业部软科学项目(201608-2)~~

摘　　要：中美是两个棉花生产大国,美国棉花保险政策和经验对于中国完善棉花保险体系具有重要的借鉴意义。采用比较研究法,分析中美两国棉花生产变动和生产成本差异,归纳两国棉花保险产品体系,并从保险标的、可保风险、保障水平、保费补贴和数据基础5个方面比较两国棉花保险政策。结果表明,较低的棉花生产成本,是美国棉花保险风险保障功能高于中国的一个重要方面。美国棉花保险产品体系完善,具有以收入保险为主、风险保障可累加程度高、保险单元多样化和保费补贴差异化等特点。与美国相比,中国棉花保险创新不足,推行着最基本的物化成本保险,保额尚未完全覆盖生产成本,还存在保障水平和保费补贴政策单一等不足。因此,建议借鉴美国经验,从强化棉花风险管理数据库建设、支持保险产品创新和优化保费补贴政策等,推进中国棉花保险政策的逐步完善。The US and China are the two top cotton producing countries in the world and the policy and experience of cotton insurance from the US are of great significance for China. This paper compared cotton production status, production cost, and cotton insurance policies, which include insurance object, insurable risk, coverage level, premium subsidy, and database support, between these two countries. Results show that lower cotton production cost is highly related to the high risk protection function of cotton insurance in the United States. Cotton insurance in the US has the following features： revenue-oriented insurance, high coverage level, diversified insurance units and different premium subsidies. In China, cotton insurance innovation is under developing and mainly based on materialized cost insurance which covers roughly the direct materialized cost. China＇s cotton insurance has the following characteristics： low coverage level （less than production cost）, unitary insurance coverage, and inefficient premium subsidy policy. Based on US cotton insurance experiences, this paper provides the following suggestions for China＇s cotton insurance policy： strengthening data support, encouraging product innovation of cotton insurance, and optimizing the premium subsidy policy.

关 键 词：棉花 风险管理 保险政策 中国 美国 比较研究 

分 类 号：F840.66[经济管理—保险]