灵芝多糖拌种对小麦抗纹枯病的诱导效应及生长发育影响  

Induction Effect of Sharp Eyespot of Wheat and the Effect of Wheat Growth After Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides(GLP) Seed Dressing

作　　者：张中霄[1] 王红艳[1] 王开运[1] 王东[2] 姜莉莉[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第1期96-104,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503130)

摘　　要：【目的】真菌多糖能够调节作物生长,激活植株的防御反应,诱导植株对植物真菌和病毒病害产生抗性,具有广谱性和持效性的特点。通过灵芝多糖拌种的方式,研究灵芝多糖对小麦抗纹枯病的诱导效应及对生长发育的影响。【方法】选用纹枯病高感小麦品种济麦22、中感品种山农23、中抗品种鲁原502,采用室内盆栽的方法每盆混入20 m L相同浓度的纹枯病菌培养液,使用4、8 g a.i./100 kg种子剂量的灵芝多糖进行拌种,用清水处理作为对照组。通过调查植株病情指数,计算相对防治效果以评价灵芝多糖对小麦抗纹枯病的诱导效果,并从叶绿素和丙二醛(MDA)含量、防御酶活性的角度评价其诱导抗性的作用机制。同时测定使用清水和4、8 g a.i./100 kg种子剂量的灵芝多糖进行拌种后各处理的发芽率、株高以及根系活力等生长指标。【结果】小麦纹枯病高感品种济麦22、中感品种山农23、中抗品种鲁原502经灵芝多糖拌种后,小麦的生长发育、小麦抗纹枯病的效果以及小麦体内防御酶活性和MDA的含量等各项指标具有相同的趋势。灵芝多糖拌种对小麦生长指标具有一定的促进作用,4、8 g a.i./100 kg种子剂量的灵芝多糖拌种济麦22的发芽势分别为53.50%和52.75%,显著高于空白对照。在小麦出苗7 d后,经4、8 g a.i./100 kg种子剂量的灵芝多糖处理的3个小麦品种的株高均显著高于对照,并且处理剂量越高,诱导效果越明显。灵芝多糖拌种能够显著提高小麦的根系活力和叶绿素含量,同样处理剂量越高,诱导效果越明显,8 g a.i./100 kg种子剂量灵芝多糖拌种后,济麦22根系活力为0.26 mg·g^(^(-1))·h^(-1),是空白对照的2.77倍;济麦22的叶绿素a、b含量分别为1.96、0.96 mg·g^(-1),是空白对照的1.52、1.44倍。灵芝多糖拌种可以对小麦纹枯病产生一定的防控效果,以高感品种济麦22为例,8 g a.i./100 kg种子剂量的灵芝�【Objective】 Fungal polysaccharides can regulate plant growth, activate plant defense responses, and induce plantresistance to plant fungal and viral diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate the induction effect of sharp eyespot of wheat and the effect on wheat growth after Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides（GLP） seed dressing.【Method】Three wheat cultivars including highly susceptible cultivar Jimai 22, middle susceptible cultivar Shannong 23 and resistant cultivar Luyuan 502 were chosen to test. Using the pot culture method, each pot was added with 20 m L of pathogenic fungi suspension, seeds were treated with the GLP, the control group was treated with water. The disease index and disease reduction against sharp eyespot of wheat were investigated. The mechanism of induced resistance in terms of defense enzyme activity, chlorophyll and malondialdehyde（MDA） content were evaluated. At the same time, the germination rate, plant height and root vigor were determined. 【Result】After GLP seed dressing, Jimai 22, Shannong 23, Luyuan 502 cultivars had the same rule on sharp eyespot of wheat. GLP seed dressing promoted the growth of wheat, 4, 8 g a.i./100 kg seed dose of GLP of Jimai 22 seed germinating potential were 53.50% and 52.75%, significantly higher than that of the control. After 7 d of wheat emergence, the plant height of wheat treated with GLP was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the higher the treatment dose, the more obvious the effect of induction enhancement. GLP seed dressing could significantly improve the root activity and the chlorophyll content of wheat, the root activity of 8 g a.i./100 kg seed dose of GLP of Jimai 22 was 0.26 mg·g^-1·h^-1, which was 2.77 times than that of the control. The chlorophyll a and b contents of 8 g a.i./100 kg seed dose of GLP were 1.96, 0.96 mg·g^-1, respectively, which was 1.52, 1.44 times than that of the control. GLP seed dressing could produce certain effect on prevention and control of sharp eyespot of wheat.

关 键 词：灵芝多糖 小麦纹枯病 诱导抗性 防御酶 

分 类 号：S435.121.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]