高速列车铝合金轴箱体锻造工艺设计及材料变形规律  

Forging process design and material deformation rules of aluminum alloy axle box body for high speed train

作　　者：徐潇 杨昭 程仁策 吕正风 赵巍 焦娟娟 赵国群[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学材料科学与工程学院,山东济南250061 [2]山东南山铝业股份有限公司,山东烟台265713

出　　处：《锻压技术》2018年第1期14-19,共6页Forging & Stamping Technology

摘　　要：针对形状结构相对复杂的7050高强铝合金轴箱体,在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上对原材料进行了变形温度300~450 ℃、应变速率0.01~10 s-1的热模拟试验,获得了不同变形温度和变形速率下的真实应力-应变关系曲线,建立了含有应变补偿的7050铝合金Arrhenius本构关系模型;提出了一种能够合理分配材料体积的轴箱体预制坯形状,并设计了相应的挤压预锻工艺和模具结构,通过数值模拟研究了轴箱体锻造过程中金属流动规律.研究表明,挤压后的预锻件满足终锻件的体积分配要求,能够使终锻件充型饱满、流线分布合理,无折叠现象,工艺流程简化为自由锻压扁镦粗、挤压制坯和终锻3步,缩短了加工周期.在实际生产中缺乏多向锻造设备时,为轴箱体类锻件生产提供了一种可行的工艺方法.For a axle box body with complex shape and structure of high strength aluminum alloy 7050,thermal simulation tests with de-formation temperatures of 300-450 ℃ and strain rates of 0.01-10 s-1were carried out by Gleeble-1500 thermal simulated test ma-chine. Then,the true stress-strain curves under different deformation temperatures and strain rates were obtained,and the Arrhenius con-stitutive model with strain compensation of aluminum alloy 7050 was established. Furthermore,the shape of performed blank for axle box body which could reasonably distribute the material volume was proposed,and the corresponding extrusion and pre-forging process and die structure were designed. Finally,the metal flow rules in the forging process of axle box body were analyzed by numerical simulation. The study shows that the pre-forging obtained by extrusion process can satisfy the volume distribution requirement of final forging with forging cavity filled completely, reasonable streamlines distribution and without folding defects. Thus, the forging process is simplified as free forging flatting,extrusion blanking and final forging,and the processing cycle is shortened. When there is lack of multi-directional forging equipment in factory,it presents a feasible method for the production of axle box body forgings.

关 键 词：7050铝合金 高速列车轴箱体 锻造工艺 预成形设计 体积分配 

分 类 号：TG316[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]