关于“生产力一元决定论”的若干理论问题-基于经典文本的解释、辩护和重申  

Several Theoretical Issues Regarding the “Productive Force Determinism”——An Explanation,Defense and Reaffirmation Based on Classic Marxist Texts

作　　者：肖磊 

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学马克思主义学院 [2]<经济学家>编辑部

出　　处：《马克思主义研究》2018年第1期66-76,共11页Studies on Marxism

摘　　要：马克思对于生产力和生产关系的矛盾法则主要采取了三种表述方式:一是生产力与生产关系的对抗、冲突;二是生产关系要适合一定的生产力水平;三是随着生产力的变化,生产关系发生改变。毛泽东的解读与马克思的阐述是一致的,而阿尔都塞的"多元决定"却歪曲了基本原理的本来涵义。从实证角度来看,资本主义生产关系产生之后生产力的巨大发展没有否定生产力与生产关系的这一基本原理,"决定性的反作用"以"决定性的作用"为前提,在封建社会解体与资本主义萌芽时期存在一个"生产力临界点"。"东方道路"不能作为生产力在事后意义上起"归根到底的决定作用"的证据,相反地,它证明了生产力一元决定论的科学性。虽然经典作家在东方道路问题上的观点有一定差异,但他们在生产力一元决定论的基本原理的认同上却是完全一致的,他们都是坚持"辩证决定论"的唯物主义者。Marx elaborate in three ways on the rule of contradiction between productive forces and relations of production:first,there exists conflict and contradiction between productive forces and relations of production;second,for certain level of productive forces,there are corresponding relations of production;and third,the change in productive forces necessarily lead to the change in the relations of production.Mao Zedong's explanation on this issue follows the same line,while Althusser's"overdetermination"twists the original meaning of Marx's proposition.Empirically,the tremendous development of productivity after the generation of capitalist relations of production has not denied this basic tenet on the relationship between productive forces and relations of production.The premise for the"reaction to determination"is the"determination,"as could be seen in the"critical point of productive forces"at the time of feudal society's collapse and the embryo of capitalism.The"Oriental road"is not a post hoc evidence that productive forces"determines in the last instance."On the contrary,it proves the scientificity of the productive force determinism.Although the classic Marxist writers differ in their views on the Oriental road,they are,as materialist who adhere to"dialectical determinism,"utterly consistent in their recognition of the productive force determinism.

关 键 词：生产力 生产关系 辩证决定 东方道路 

分 类 号：F014.1[经济管理—政治经济学]