秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对银北盐碱地改良效果研究  

Effect of returning straw with straw-decomposing inoculants on saline-alkali soil in North Yinchuan of China

作　　者：王静[1,2] 肖国举[2] 张峰举[2] 王军[3] 许兴 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学环境工程研究院,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏农垦局前进农场,宁夏平罗753402

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年第6期209-215,283,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501302);国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAC02B03);宁夏自然科学基金(NZ16030)

摘　　要：采用田间试验方法,设置水稻秸秆不施腐熟剂为对照和水稻秸秆配施"沃土天地"、"鸿生源"、"谷霖"、"君德"、"农富康"等品牌秸秆腐熟剂为处理,分析了不同处理水稻生育进程及群体结构、产量及其构成、水稻品质以及土壤物理和化学性质。结果显示:(1)秸秆还田配施不同秸秆腐熟剂在不同程度上提高水稻的出苗率和保苗率,以"君德"牌秸秆腐熟剂出苗率和保苗率最高;(2)"君德"牌秸秆腐熟剂处理结实率最高,达到77.3%;(3)还田秸秆腐熟配施秸秆腐熟剂可不同程度的增加土壤养分,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量在秸秆还田+"君德"牌秸秆腐熟剂处理中明显高于对照。(4)施用秸秆腐熟剂后土壤>0.25 mm团聚体含量显著增加,含量均达46.18%以上;以秸秆还田+"沃土天地"牌有机物料处理容重最低,为1.46 g·cm^(-3),比对照下降了7.6%;并提高了土壤含水量1.88%~10.8%;(5)施用不同秸秆腐熟剂不同程度的增加了水稻产量,最高增幅为4.64%;(6)不同处理的出糙率、精米率、整精米率都有所提高,而垩白率、垩白度都有所降低,但不同腐熟剂处理对稻米品质等级的影响差异不显著。综合评价盐碱地水稻秸秆还田及配施不同品牌秸秆腐熟剂对盐碱地种植水稻的影响,以"君德"牌秸秆腐熟剂效果最佳。The effict of returning straw with different straw-decamposing in oculants on rice growth and the physical-chemical propertres of soil. A field experiment,with six treatments: only straw returning as control,straw returning+"wotutiandi","hongshengyuan","guling","junde","nongfukang"straw-decomposing inoculants as treatments. Results showed that( 1) applying straw-decomposing inoculants enhanced rice seedling emergence and survival rate of seedlings. In comparison to control,both rice seedling emergence and survival rate of seedlings were significantly increased with straw returning "junde"straw-decomposing inoculants.( 2) In comparison to control,setting percentage was increased with straw returning+"junde"straw-decomposing inoculants up to 77.3%.( 3) The contentration of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,available prosphorus and available potassium under the treatment of returning straw+"junde"straw-decomposing inoculants were higher than those with the treatment of returning single straw only.( 4) The percentage of soil dry-aggregates >0.25 mm under straw returning and straw-decomposing inoculants addition were increased by 46.18%,but those < 0.25 mm were decreased.Straw returning+"wotutiandi"straw-decomposing inoculants decreased the bulk density by 1.46 g·cm^(-1),down 7.6% than CK,and increased the soil water contents from 1.88% to 10.8%.( 5) The rice yield were increased by straw-decomposing inoculants,and the highest increment rates were 4.64%.( 6) The treatments of straw returning added with different straw-decomposing inoculants improved the appearance quality of rice,chalky rice rate but re-duced the cooking quality of gel consistency. There were no significant influence on rice nutrition quality among different straw-decomposing inoculants treatments. In conclusion,straw returning added straw-decomposing inoculants improved rice yield and soil properties. Except the soil bulk density,all the tested items are enhanced with the treatments of straw returning plus inoculants th

关 键 词：盐碱地 秸秆还田 秸秆腐熟剂 土壤改良 水稻品质 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]