珠海横琴岛海域大型底栖生物的生态特征  

Ecological Characteristics of Macrobenthos Near Hengqin Island in Zhuhai

作　　者：罗艳[1] 林丽华[1] 张翠萍[1] 黄华梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局南海规划与环境研究院,广东广州510300

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2017年第5期69-79,共11页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：海洋公益性行业项目(2015418008)资助

摘　　要：采用2013年11月(秋季)、2014年5月(春季)、2015年2月(冬季)和8月(夏季)4个航次的调查数据,对横琴岛海域大型底栖生物物种组成、时空分布及多样性等群落结构特征进行了分析。结果显示:共鉴定出大型底栖生物9门210种,节肢动物58种,软体动物52种,环节动物42种,脊索动物40种,棘皮动物8种,腔肠动物6种,星虫动物2种,纽形动物1种,螠虫动物1种。平均获得个体数量为30个,春季45个、夏季17个、秋季12个、冬季44个。栖息密度范围为0~1490ind/m2,均值为212ind/m2,基本趋势为冬季>春季>夏季>秋季;生物量范围为0~288.5g/m2,均值为16.61g/m2,春季>冬季>秋季>夏季。研究区优势种更替较快,共出现13种优势种的优势度指数Y>0.02,春季以双形拟单指虫(Cossurella dimorpha)和光滑河蓝蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)为主要优势种,夏季以刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)和棒锥螺(Turritella bacillum)为主,秋季以双形拟单指虫为主,冬季则以小荚蛏(Siliqua minima)为主。多样性指数、均匀度指数、多样性阈值及丰富度指数均值春季为2.49、0.78、1.96、1.87,夏季为2.81、0.90、2.57、2.49,秋季为2.34、0.75、1.88、1.60,冬季为2.71、0.81、2.32、2.80;表现出同样的变化趋势,夏季和冬季较高,春季和秋季较低。相关分析表明:春季丰富度指数与水深呈显著负相关(P<0.05);秋季多样性指数与溶解氧呈显著负相关(P<0.05),丰富度指数与pH呈显著正相关(P<0.05);夏季和冬季的多样性指数、均匀度指数及丰富度指数与环境因子均无显著相关性。Based on the data from four macrobenthos surveys in November 2013, May 2014, February and August 2015 in the sea near Hengqin Island, Zhuhai, the composition, spatial and temporal distribution and diversity of macrobenthos species were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 210 macrobenthos species were identified in 9 phylum, including 58 species of Arthropoda, 52 species of Mollusca, 42 species of Annelida, 40 species of Chordata,8 species of Echinodermata, 6 species of Coelentera, 2 species of Sipuncula, 1 species of Nemertea and 1 species of Echiura, with average of 30 individuals, 45 in spring, 17 in summer, 12 in autumn and 44 in winter. The density of macrobenthos was ranged from 0 to 1490 ind/m^2 , with the average of 212 ind/m2 and the seasonal trend of winter, spring 〉summer〉autumn. The biomass of macrobenthos was ranged from 0 to 288.5 g/m^2 , and 16.61 g/m^2 in average, with the seasonal trend ofspring〉winter〉autumn〉summer. There were a total of 13 dominant species （dominance index〉0. 02）, which changed quickly in different seasons. The main dominant species were Cossurella dimorpha and Potamocorbula laevis in spring, Metapenaeus ensis and Turritella bacillum in summer, Cossurella dimorpha in autumn, Siliqua minima in winter. The Shan-non-Wiener diversity index （H＇）, Pielou evenness index （J＇）, Diversity threshold （Dv） and Margalef richness index （D） were 2.49, 0.78, 1.96, and 1.87 respectively in spring, 2.81, 0.90, 2.57, and 2.49 in summer, 2.34, 0.75, 1.88, and 1.60 in autumn, 2.71, 0.81, 2.32, and 2.80 in winter. The changing trend of these indexes was the same, higher in summer and winter, lower in spring and fall. Significantly negative correlations were between Margalef richness index and depth（P〈0.05）in spring, and between Shannon-Wiener diversity index and DO（P〈0. 05） in autumn. The Margalef richness index was significantly positive correlated with pH（P〈0.05） in spring. There was no significant correlation among the Shannon-Wiener di

关 键 词：横琴岛 大型底栖生物 生态特征 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]