中国夏季奥运会冠军的时空分布特征及影响因素  

Spatial-temporal Patterns and Influence Factors of Summer Olympic Games Champion in China

作　　者：牛小洪[1] 万蓉 齐漫 刘小琼[3] 陈昆仑[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)体育课部,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)艺术与传媒学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]湖北大学资源环境学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2017年第3期196-202,共7页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:41401181);湖北省青年科技晨光计划(项目编号:2015B25)

摘　　要：随着我国奥运竞技水平的不断发展和提升,我国运动员在国际舞台上不断取得令人瞩目的成绩,与此同时,奥运人才培养也引起了广泛关注。从人才地理学视角出发,对1996—2016年我国夏季奥运冠军的时空特征和影响因素进行分析,发现:(1)从时间上来看,研究期内我国夏季奥运冠军人数呈现先快速上升,随后下降的趋势,1996—2008年冠军数量快速上升,至2008年达到峰值后出现回落趋势。(2)从空间上来看,我国夏季奥运冠军数量总体来看呈现东多西少、中部和东北三省适中的格局,奥运冠军输出地呈现出先增加后减少的趋势,其中,奥运冠军高输出地呈现出稳步上升后迅速减少的趋势,低冠军输出地总体呈现增加趋势,0冠军输出地总体呈现先稳步下降后增加的趋势。(3)影响我国各省区夏季奥运冠军时空分布的主要因素有自然环境、经济发展水平、人口基础和政策差异。除以上因素外,主场优势、观众效应以及国际总体竞技水平的变化等因素也会对奥运冠军的时空分布产生一定的影响。With the continuous development of China＇s Olympic sports level and improvement of the athletes on the international stage in our country＇s remark-able achievements,the cultivation of the Olympic champion has caused widespread attention. This study analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and driv-ing factors of summer Olympic champion in China from 1996 to 2016 via the perspective of talent geography angle. The following conclusions can be summa-rized：（1）The temporal characteristics represented that,the number of summer Olympic champions in China had risen rapidly and then declined during the re-search period. From 1996 to 2008,the number of champions had been rising rapidly,reaching a peak in 2008,then showed a fall trend;（2）The spatial character-istics represented that,there was a higher number of Olympic champions in the east of China,a lower number in the western of China,and a moderate number inthe central of China as well as the northeast three provinces. Meanwhile,the number of provinces which output Olympic champions showed a decrease after theprevious increase. Moreover,the high-output provinces declined sharply after showing a steadily rising trend,the low-output provinces showed a increasingtrend and the 0-output provinces firstly showed a steady falling trend and then increased.（3）The dominant influencing factors included natural environment,economy level,population foundation and government policies,and in addition to the above factors,home court advantage,audience effect and factors such asthe international differences could also had a certain influence on the distribution of the Olympic champion.

关 键 词：夏季奥运会 奥运冠军 时空分布 

分 类 号：G811.21[文化科学—体育学] G80-32