浅谈半制品棉结与短绒的控制实践  

Control Practice of Neps and Short Fibers in Semi-finished Products

作　　者：肖际洲 段昕 李子信[2] 薛志刚 刘允光 

机构地区：[1]山东冠县冠星纺织有限责任公司,山东冠县252500 [2]山东聊城华润纺织有限公司,山东聊城252000 [3]聊城允光精梳技术服务中心,山东聊城252000

出　　处：《纺织器材》2018年第1期25-31,共7页Textile Accessories

摘　　要：为了降低精梳落棉率,稳定产品质量,降低生产成本,采用AFIS检测仪与条干均匀仪测试棉结,并将之与传统目测进行对比,说明AFIS检测精梳条对生条棉结的排除率为70%以上,而手检目测对生条棉结的排除率基本持平或上下浮动,不具可比性;在分析AFIS检测仪与条干均匀仪测试数据的基础上,说明AFIS的单纤维测试仪提供的棉结(粒/g)与条干均匀仪测定的成纱千米棉结是两种完全不同概念的棉结,二者不是线性关系,通常要通过成纱质量试验来予以验证;重点阐述如何运用AFIS检测仪,优化工艺上机、建立半制品棉结、短绒率的内控指标机制,查找质量的薄弱环节,监控设备除杂效果及纤维在加工过程中短绒率的变化情况,合理进行设备维护、保养。指出:控制棉条短绒率增长是控制成纱质量的核心,重点要控制精梳棉条中短绒含量及分布区域;长度大于16mm的短绒有可纺性,小于16mm的短绒整齐度不好,易产生短粗节及棉结,小于10mm的短绒就是小棉结、小纱疵;新品种上机要做快速试纺,精梳落棉率宜偏低控制;缩小锡林梳理隔距,增强锡林针布穿透能力,提高精梳梳理单纤化程度,可有效避免纤维纠缠、扭结和揉搓,成纱棉结增加的概率会大幅降低;加强对梳棉机、关键器材、工艺及精梳落棉质量的科学管控,可以达到降低生产成本、稳定产品质量的目的。To reduce noil rate, stablize product quality, and reduce production cost, test of neps with the AFIS tester and evenness tester against visual inspection shows that AFIS detection of combed sliver neps covers above 70 %, and the hand inspection and the visual inspection of neps removal were essentially about close, which is neglectable. On the basis of the analysis of data from the AFIS tester and evenness tester,it is proved that there are two different concepts of neps in single fiber tester AFIS（cnt/g）and evenness tester in kilometers.The results of both the testers are not in a linear relation, thus further proof with yarn quality being needed.Highlight is given as how to use the AFIS tester to optimize the process on line for the form of the internal control index mechanism of neps and short fiber in semi-finished products, searching for the vulnerable spots of the quality,monitoring changes of impurity and linters in fiber processing with wise equipment maintenance.It is pointed out that the key controlling yarn quality lie in the control of growth of short fiber, especially in control of the short fiber content and its distri- bution in the combed sliver.Short fiber with length of more than 16 mm is spinnable,short fiber with less than 16 mm is poor in uniformity,and easy to produce thicks and neps. Short fiber with less than 10 mm is small defects such as neps.When new varieties are to be produced,fast trial spinning is necessary.Noil rate in combing process is better controlled in low degree.SmaU carding gauge is recommended to enhance cylinder wire penetration, and improvement of the combing single fibrosis degree can effectively avoid the fiber entanglement, kink and rubbing, of consequently yarn neps drops greatly.Strengthening the control of the carding machine,key accessories,process,and combing quality can decrease the production cost and stablize quality of products.

关 键 词：AFIS检测仪 半制品 棉结 短绒率 指标监控 精梳落棉率 梳理器材 针布 

分 类 号：TS103[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]