网约车规则的公平竞争审查研究  

Fair Competition Examination on the Ride-Sharing Regulatory Rules

作　　者：马辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学法学院

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2017年第4期14-22,共9页Competition Policy Research

基　　金：2015国家社科基金青年项目"公共风险管控的公私法合作机制研究"(编号:15CFX020)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：规则制定过程中公平竞争审查的缺位导致网约车规则备受质疑,尤其是地方网约车规则中的排量、轴距、户籍和牌照准入限制引发了巨大争议。结合行政法理论和公平竞争审查意见,可依循形式合法性、目的正当性与合比例性三阶流程对其进行审查。对规则制定主体的概括授权和较低的法益位阶可满足形式合法性要求;欠缺现实基础的消费者多元化需求应从准入限制的规范目的群中剔除;轴距、排量和户籍限制违反必要性和均衡性要求,难以通过合比例性审查,牌照限制的合比例性依赖于现实情境中污染和拥堵的严重程度。该操作流程可为公平竞争审查的实施提供指引。The absence of fair competition examination in formulating the local ridesharing regulatory system draws much criticism, especially the market entrance limitation on wheelbase, output volume, residence registry and license plate. In line with the administrative law principle and requirement of State Council, fair competition examination can be conducted by a 3-step procedure： formal legality, regulatory purpose legitimacy and proportionality test. General authorization and inferior importance of rights can make the market entrance limitation satisfy formal legality; diversifed demands of consumers should be eliminated from the regulatory purpose due to its lack of factual foundation; limitations on wheelbase, output volume and residence registry cannot meet the requirements of necessity and reasonable balance, which makes them fail the proportionality test; limitation on license plate could pass the proportionality test depending on the factual severities of pollution and congestion. This analytical framework can be used as the procedural guidance for fair competition guidance.

关 键 词：公平竞争审查 网约车规则 形式合法性 目的正当性 合比例性 

分 类 号：D922.296[政治法律—经济法学]