大电流气体火花开关聚四氟乙烯绝缘子绝缘劣化产物分析  

Insulation Degradation Products Analysis of PTFE Insulators in Gas Spark Gap Switch Caused by High Current and High Energy Arc Influences

作　　者：吴佳玮[1] 韩若愚 周海滨[1] 丁卫东[1] 邱爱慈[1] 

机构地区：[1]电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室(西安交通大学),西安710049

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2018年第2期459-466,共8页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2013AA064502);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2013CB228004);强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应国家重点实验室开放课题(SKLIPR1509)资助

摘　　要：开关自击穿放电过程中高温电弧等离子体将对电极材料产生不可避免的烧蚀作用,电极熔融、喷溅并在高温大电弧作用下与绝缘子材料、绝缘气体等发生一系列复杂多变的化学反应,生成烧蚀产物附着于绝缘子表面,造成绝缘性能降低乃至失效。针对聚四氟乙烯绝缘子材料在大电流气体火花开关中满足长寿命要求条件下,共计进行20 000次自击穿放电实验,主要采用X射线光电子能谱仪与气相色谱仪作为检测手段,研究自击穿放电过程中固态与气态烧蚀产物的化学成分研究。研究表明:阳极、阴极绝缘子烧蚀产物成分相近;绝缘子内、外表面固态烧蚀产物的化学成分近似而含量却大不同;阳极与阴极绝缘子内外表面均损失大量氟元素,绝缘子外表面氟元素损失更为剧烈;气态产物中可检测到四氟化碳气体CF4,虽含量较少但因其强电负性,亦将对开关绝缘性能与工作性能造成较显著影响等。Electrode erosion phenomenon caused by high current and high energy arc in gas spark gap switch was unavoidable. After a series of complicated chemical reactions, erosion products were formed and attached to the surfaces of insulators, resulting in reduced insulation performance and even switch failure. The purpose of this paper was to analyze solid erosion products and gas erosion products on the surface of polytetrafluoroethylene insulator in a high energy switch after 20 000 discharges by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The results suggested the main chemical substances of anode and cathode insulators were similar, while the composition ratios of outside and inside insulators were different. Moreover, the contents of element fluorine in both anode and cathode insulators were heavily lost, especially on the outside surfaces. Perfluorocarbons gas（CF4） can be detected in gas erosion product, although the content is low, yet due to its high electronegativity, the electric insulating property and working performance would be affected significantly.

关 键 词：脉冲功率技术 气体开关 等离子体 聚四氟乙烯绝缘子 X射线光电子能谱仪 

分 类 号：TM89[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]