论1946—1947年中共土地公债的政策与实践——以陕甘宁边区绥德分区为例  

On the Policy and Practice of CPC Land Bonds in 1946-1947 Years——With Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Boarder Region of Suide District for Example

作　　者：张雨新[1,2] 付建成[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,陕西西安710069 [2]西安医学院思政部,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《学术界》2017年第12期209-222,共14页Academics

基　　金：2016年陕西哲学社会科学项目"习仲勋与解放战争时期陕北土改研究"(2016H018)成果

摘　　要：1946年冬到1947年春,陕甘宁边区政府通过发行土地公债征购地主长余土地,由无地少地的农民承购,以实现耕者有其田,这是中共采取非暴力手段解决农民土地问题的尝试。中共在理论上试图通过和平赎买的方式,既实现解决农民土地问题的经济目的,又达到调动农民参加革命、保持与中小地主统战关系的政治目的。但在实践中,陕甘宁边区各级基层干部把土地公债政策仅仅当作经济关系的变革,忽视了政治革命的战略任务,土改的方式和目的发生了错位,虽然土地公债政策初步解决了陕甘宁边区农民的土地问题,但各阶层均不满意,尤其是中共对农民的政治动员目的未实现,因而土地公债政策被废止乃必然趋势。From the winter of 1946 to the spring of 1947,the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Boarder Region Government purchased the landlord extra land through the issuance of land bonds,which was purchased by the landless peasants, in order to achieve the tiller,which was the attempt to take nonviolent means to solve the problem of farmer land. The Communist Party of China in theory to through peaceful way of redemption,not only solved the problem of peasants land for economic purposes,and to mobilize the peasants to participate in the revolution,maintained the united front and middle and small landlords between political purposes. But in practice,t he grassroots cadres at all levels of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Boarder Region land bond policy only as economic relations change, ignored the strategic task of political revolution,the dislocation mode and purpose of land reform,a lthough the land bonds policy initially solved the land of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Boarder Region problem,but each class were not satisfied,especially the purpose of unrealized political mobilization for farmers,the land was the inevitable trend of the public debt policy was abolished.

关 键 词：陕甘宁边区 土改 公债 征购 承购 

分 类 号：D231[政治法律—政治学]