根系分区交替灌溉与生物质炭对土壤养分动态及设施甜椒产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Partial Root-Zone Irrigation and Biochar on Soil Available Nutrients and the Yield and Quality of Sweet Pepper

作　　者：李丽 田彦芳 王耀生 李贵桐[1] 林启美[1] 赵小蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《土壤通报》2017年第6期1462-1468,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：十二.五国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD14B03)资助

摘　　要：土壤水分和养分是决定温室栽培中作物产量和品质的关键因素,对于提高资源利用效率具有重要影响。研究了根系分区交替灌溉与生物质炭对土壤速效养分和甜椒产量及品质的影响。在日光温室地表覆膜条件下,试验设置4个处理,分别为常规滴灌(D)、根系分区交替灌溉(PRD)、2%生物质炭+常规滴灌(BD)和2%生物质炭+根系分区交替灌溉(BPRD)。试验结果表明:(1)与不施炭处理(D与PRD)相比,施用2%生物质炭处理(BD与BPRD)能够显著提高土壤速效钾含量(P<0.05),在甜椒初花期和盛花期能够显著提高土壤速效磷含量(P<0.05),但对土壤碱解氮无显著影响;(2)与其他三个处理相比较,BPRD处理能够在不降低产量的情况下增加甜椒果实维生素C含量,减少甜椒果实可滴定酸浓度;(3)与普通灌溉相比,PRD处理能够提高灌溉水分利用效率,但BPRD处理节水效果并不显著。因此,在日光温室地表覆膜条件下,根系分区交替灌溉(PRD)技术可以实现节水并维持产量,而生物质炭与根系分区交替灌溉联合技术(BPRD)是否可作为一种新型农业技术进行推广应用还有待进一步验证。Rational manipulation of water and nutrients in greenhouse cultivation is important to maintain crop yield and quality and improve resource use efficiency.In this study,the effects of partial root-zone drying and biochar on the dynamics of soil water and nutrients and the yield and quality of sweet pepper were investigated.Four treatments were set up in greenhouse with soil covering film：（1） drip irrigation（D）,（2） partial root-zone drying（PRD）,（3） 2%biochar ＋drip irrigation（BD）,（4） 2% biochar ＋ partial root-zone drying（BPRD）.The results showed that 1） compared with the treatment without biochar added,applying 2% biochar significantly（P0.05） improved the content of soil available K,while soil available P content was significantly（P0.05） increased at early flowering stage and flowering stage,but it had little effect on alkali-hydrolyzable N content;2） compared with the other treatments,BPRD increased vitamin C content of sweet pepper and reduced titratable acid concentration of sweet pepper without fruit yield loss;3）compared with drip irrigation,PRD improved irrigation water use efficiency,but BPRD had no significant effect on saving water further.Based on the above results,the study indicated that PRD technology can be used to save water in greenhouse with soil covering film,but it requires further testing and research if the combination of biochar and partial root-zone irrigation should be used as a new type of agricultural technology in the future.

关 键 词：生物质炭 根系分区交替灌溉 水分利用效率 土壤养分 甜椒生长状况 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S275.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]