经济实验如何才会更有效——兼对杜宁华先生批判的回应之一  

How Could Economic Experiments Be More Effective? A Response to Mr.Du Ninghua's Critique

作　　者：朱富强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学岭南学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《上海财经大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第1期114-129,共16页Journal of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：广东省创新团队项目"社会主义市场经济理论基础与政策体系"(2016WCXTD001)

摘　　要：针对有关"强分主流经济学与非主流经济学"的指责,文章指出"主流"和"非主流"在当前经济学界的客观存在,主流经济学体现了现代经济分析中的常规范式。这种常规范式也影响了经济实验,并产生了实验经济学的主流取向,它倾向于将数学逻辑与经济实验相结合而构建类似"双盲"的简单情境。不过,"双盲"实验由于构造与经济人相适应的社会情境而"验证"主流经济学的理论,这具有很强的同义反复性,从而并不符合科学的要求。同时,针对"‘双盲设计’是为了实现内部有效性"的辩词,文章指出,经济理论优劣和进步主要决定于它的解释力,这种解释力又以理论的内部有效性为基石,不过经济理论的内部有效性根本上体现为行为逻辑的真实性而非形式逻辑的一致性。但是,主流实验经济学严格条件控制的"双盲"实验所实现的内部有效性恰恰只是体现为形式逻辑一致性,而非主流行为经济学放松条件控制的实验却发展众多有背主流经济学的行为效应,这些效应的萃取和综合就可以形成更为完善的认知体系。通过这两方面的逻辑考辨,我们可以更加清楚,为了促使经济实验更加有效,情境设置就应该逐渐具体化和现实化,而不是固守"双盲"实验。In view of the criticism of ＇forced distinction between mainstream economics and non-mainstream economics＇, this paper points out that ＇mainstream＇ economics and ＇non-mainstream＇ economics exist objectively in current economic academia, and mainstream economics embodies the normal paradigm in modern economic analysis. This paradigm also has affected economic experiments, and ＇mainstream＇ is reflected in the basic ways and typical procedures adopted by most economists or professors in economics schools when doing behavioral experiments. Obviously, this mainstream orientation of experimental economics tends to combine mathematical logic with economic experiments, thereby constructing a simple situation like ＇double blindness＇. However, ＇double blind＇ experiments ＇verify＇ the theories of mainstream economics since they construct the social context fit for economic man. However, it does not meet the scientific requirements because of strong tautology. At the same time, in view of the argument that ＇double blind design＇ helps to achieve the internal validity, this paper points out that the quality and progress of economic theories mainly depend on their explanatory ability, and the explanatory ability is rooted in the internal validity of a theory. However, the internal effectiveness of economic theories is fundamentally different from natural science, and it reflects the reality of behavior logic rather than the consistency of formal logic. No matter of this, the mainstream experimental economics has designed a ＇double blind＇ program, in order to achieve internal validity through strict condition control, but what is pursued and achieved by this internal validity is just the consistency of formal logic. Furthermore, the＇double blind＇ experiments try （as far as possible） to exclude the pro-sociality of actors, so as to cater to, in essence, the paradigm of economic man in modern mainstream economics. Through the above logic textual research in two aspects, we can clearly und

关 键 词：实验经济学 行为经济学 理论检验 理论有效性 行为逻辑 

分 类 号：F091.34[经济管理—政治经济学]