内蒙古草原五种啮齿动物肾脏形态学特征比较  

Comparison of renal morphology in five rodent species from Inner Mongolia grasslands

作　　者：张梦 王德华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《兽类学报》2018年第1期36-45,共10页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21472006)

摘　　要：啮齿动物的水平衡能力对其适应干旱环境至关重要。为了解啮齿动物对水环境的适应性,本研究以分布于内蒙古草原的长爪沙鼠(Meriones unguiculatus)、布氏田鼠(Lasiopodomys brandtii)、小毛足鼠(Phodopus roborovskii)、坎氏毛足鼠(Phodopus campbelli)和黑线仓鼠(Cricetulus barabensis)为研究对象,测定了肾脏形态学指标、肾单位密度指标和尿液渗透压等,比较分析了肾脏形态结构与栖息地环境之间的关系。结果发现:5种啮齿动物肾脏髓质厚度随动物分布区域的变化,呈现从典型草原地区、半荒漠地区至荒漠和沙漠地区逐渐增加的趋势,干旱地区动物的尿液渗透压较高。5种动物的皮质肾单位密度无显著差异。近髓肾单位密度统计显示,黑线仓鼠大于小毛足鼠与坎氏毛足鼠,布氏田鼠与长爪沙鼠居中。结果表明,啮齿动物的肾脏形态指数和组织学指数可以在一定程度上反映哺乳动物肾脏浓缩尿液的能力,肾脏的结构具有可塑性以应对环境的变化。The ability to maintain water balance is crucial for survival of small rodents that live in arid environments. To understand physiological adaptations of Mongolian gerbil（ Meriones unguiculatus）, Brandt’s vole（ Lasiopodomys brandtii）,desert hamster（ Phodopus roborovskii）, Campbell’s hamster（ Phodopus campbelli） and striped hamster（ Cricetulus barabensis）,that live in Inner Mongolia grasslands with different water conditions,we compared their renal morphology,nephron density and urine osmolality. The medulla thicknesses of kidney for the 5 species of rodents change with their distribution area,from typical steppe region,semi-desert to desert regions,and increase with the decrease of water availability. The urine osmolalities are higher for aridrodents. There were no significant differences between the cortical nephron densities for the 5 rodent species and juxtamedullary nephrondensity showed opposite changes. These results suggest that renal morphology and histology indices can be used to assess mammalian kidney urine concentration ability to a certain extent. Kidney structure is flexible in response to environment variation.

关 键 词：啮齿动物 肾脏 形态学 节水 生理适应 

分 类 号：Q491.1[生物学—生理学]