1950-2013年三江平原东北部耕地分布变化特征分析  

Distribution and evolutionary characteristics of cultivated lands in the northeast of Sanjiang Plain from 1950 to 2013

作　　者：于杰[1] 宁静[1] 董芳辰 杜国明[1] 娄阁 赵正[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2017年第12期79-86,共8页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571167);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(D201401)资助

摘　　要：耕地是农业发展的重要物质基础,科学判定耕地分布变化特征,对促进耕地保护及优化布局等方面具有重要意义。文中以1950、1960和1976年MSS影像、1986和1996年Landsat TM影像、2005年为中巴地球资源卫星二号星遥感数据和2013年Land Sat8 OLI遥感影像为数据源,运用耕地利用动态度、核密度计算等研究方法,对1950-2013年三江平原东北部耕地分布变化特征及驱动因素进行分析。结果表明:1950-1986年耕地增加由19.62×10~4hm^2增加至145.85×10~4hm^2,新增耕地主要源于未利用地、草地和林地,耕地转化为其他地类的数量为3.07×10~4hm^2;1986年-2013年耕地增加了93.04×10~4hm^2,有71.70×10~4hm^2旱地转换为水田,同时8.25×10~4hm^2水田转换为旱地;63年间,耕地分布密度值显著增加,水田分布密度最大值高于旱地。据此,加强水土资源优化配置,通过土地整治增加有效耕地面积是三江平原东北部未来发展的必由之路。Cultivated land is the important material base of agricultural development. Scientific analysis of the distribution and evolutionary characteristics of cultivated land is highly useful in the protection and resource optimization of cultivated lands. Working on such research project,we extracted 1950,1960 and 1976 MSS images,1986 and 1996 TM Landsat images,the China and Brazil earth resources satelliteⅡremote sensing data and 2013 TM Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing image as the data source,the characteristics of distribution and its driving factors in the northeast of Sanjiang Plain from 1950 to 2013 were analyzed by calculating dynamic degree of cultivated land use and the kernel density and using GIS platform. The results suggested that the area of farmland raised from 19. 62 × 10~4hm^2 to 238. 88 × 10~4hm^2 from 1950 to1986. The new increased land was dry land mainly from woodland,grassland and unused land; and paddy land transformed to dry land between each other from 1986 to2013; 71. 70 × 10~4hm^2 of dry land transferred to paddy land; 8. 25 × 10~4hm^2 of paddy land transformed to dry land at the same time. The calculation of kernel density about cultivated land increased gradually; the kernel density of paddy land was always higher than dry land＇s during the whole period. The only road to develop the cropland in the northeast of Sanjiang Plain is to strengthen the water conservancy construction and increase the effective cultivated land area.

关 键 词：耕地分布 旱地 水田 耕地利用动态度 核密度 驱动因素 

分 类 号：F301.21[经济管理—产业经济]