海底CORK观测30年：发展、应用与展望  

Thirty Years of the Seafloor CORK Borehole Observatories:Development,Applications and Future Perspective

作　　者：方家松[1,2] 李江燕 张利 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学深渊科学与技术研究中心,上海201306 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生物学与生物技术功能实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院,地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2017年第12期1297-1306,共10页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目“评价嗜高压细菌在南海深部碳循环中的作用”(编号:91328208);国家自然科学基金面上项目“深海和深部生物圈革兰氏阳性嗜高细菌在脂类化合物生物合成过程中的碳同位素分馏”(编号:41673085)资助~~

摘　　要：过去50年深海钻探计划(DSDP)、大洋钻探计划(ODP)及综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)等国际间综合深海钻探计划的实施,使我们对地球和海洋的认识取得了显著进步。海底井控观测装置(CORK)的研发和应用是上述深海钻探计划带给我们的最宝贵财富之一。目前地球科学和海洋科学已由过去的间断性观测模式升级为现在的连续性原位观测模式,海底CORK观测系统为地球科学、海洋科学与生命科学领域的科学家对海底洋壳复杂而又相互关联的深部过程进行数秒至数十年时间尺度的研究提供了新手段和新机遇。通过对海底CORK观测系统的发展演变、在ODP和IODP航次中的使用以及在此过程中获得的科学经验和教训进行总结,对CORK系统如何应用于我国洋壳地质学、水文学、微生物学及生物地球化学过程研究提出看法。In the past 50 years, we have witnessed remarkable progress ocean system, as a result of the internationally integrated deep ocean drilling in our understanding of the Earth and programs, the Deep Sea Drilling Program （DSDP）, the Ocean Drilling Program （ODP）, and the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program （IODP）. One of the legacies of the deep ocean drilling programs is the development and applications of the CORK, Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit. Earth and ocean sciences have been shifting from a traditional discontinuous, expeditionary mode toward a mode of sustained in situ observations today. The （seafloor CORK observatories offer Earth, ocean and life scientists new opportunities to study multiple, interrelated deep marine subsurface processes, over time scales ranging from seconds to decades. Here, we first provided a concise examination of the development history of the CORKs, then described the first installations of ODP CORKs, the evolution of different models of CORK, and fi- nally, summarized the scientific lessons learned in the installation and operation effort of the CORKs. In the end, we offered our perspectives on using CORKs to study geological ; hydrogeological, microbiological and biogeochemical processes in the deep marine subsurface biosphere, particularly pertaining to China＇ s efforts in establishing and enhancing its deep-sea and deep-biosphere research and monitoring programs.

关 键 词：CORK 海底观测 深海钻探 洋壳 

分 类 号：P715.5[天文地球—海洋科学]