药剂诱导稻飞虱再猖獗及科学用药  

Pesticide-induced resurgence of rice planthoppers and scientific application of pesticides

作　　者：吴进才[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2017年第6期919-924,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31571999;31371938)

摘　　要：稻飞虱是典型的再猖獗型重大害虫。害虫再猖獗包括生态再猖獗和生理再猖獗,前者主要由药剂杀伤天敌使天敌功能崩溃引起,后者指药剂刺激害虫生殖导致害虫增殖倍数显著增加。刺激稻飞虱生殖的药剂包括大部分有机磷、菊酯类、氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂,及一些除草剂和杀菌剂(如井冈霉素、多菌灵)等。通过蛋白质组学、转录组学、基因表达谱分析及基因沉默试验证实化学药剂刺激稻飞虱生殖主要涉及与生殖和代谢相关基因的上调表达,但同一药剂对稻飞虱组团物种产生物种间基因功能生态位分离。这就需要在深入理解化学农药对生态系统中组团物种的正负效应和生殖影响的基础上进行精准用药技术设计。本文综述了一些农药对稻田害虫天敌行为、生殖、捕食功能及稻飞虱生殖影响的机理,并基于同种药剂对稻飞虱组团内不同物种生殖的相反效应,提出稻飞虱多物种共存时的科学用药技术。Rice planthoppers are a kind of classic resurgent serious pests. Pest resurgence includes ecological and physiological resurgences, the former is due to collapse of natural enemy function caused by pesticide application, the latter is due to stimulation of reproduction of planthoppers induced by pesti- cides and to higher multiplication times of treated planthoppers compared to untreated ones. Pesticide varieties involved in stimulation of reproduction of planthoppers include organic phosphorus, pyrethroidsand carbamates insecticides, and some herbicides and fungicides （jinggangmycin and carbendazim）. Proteome, transcriptome and gene expression profile analysis and gene silencing demonstrated that pesticides stimulates the reproduction by up-regulation expression of genes associated with reproduction and metabolism. However, the effect of the same pesticide variety on reproduction of member of intra-planthopper guild results in ecological separation of gene function. The thorough understanding of the effects of pesticides on target guild species will provide useful information for the sustainable pest management through scientific application of pesticides. This paper reviewed effects of several pesti- cides on behavior, reproduction and predation function of natural enemies in rice field and mechanisms of effects of pesticides on planthopper reproduction.We proposed techniques of scientific application of pesticides for planthopper guild species coexistence.

关 键 词：稻飞虱 再猖獗 生理生态机制 精准用药 

分 类 号：S435.112.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]