仿自然鱼道整体物理模型试验研究  

Physical model test study on nature-like fishways

作　　者：徐进超[1,2] 王晓刚[2,3] 宣国祥[2,3] 郑飞东[2,3] 黄岳[2,3] XU Jlnchao;WANG Xiaogang;XUAN Guoxiang;ZHENG Feidong;HUANG Yue(College of Hydrometeorology, Nanfing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China;Key Laboratory of Navigation Structure Construction Technology, Ministry of Transport, Nanjing 210000, China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学水文气象学院,江苏南京210044 [2]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029 [3]交通运输部通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《水科学进展》2017年第6期879-887,共9页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51409141);中国气象局气象软科学研究重点项目(2017[20])~~

摘　　要：仿自然鱼道不仅能满足多种鱼类的洄游需要,同时还增加了河道内鱼类生境的数量与多样性,近来越来越受到人们的重视。由于仿自然鱼道结构复杂,断面型式多变、边坡及底部材质粗糙,糙率估算困难等,目前尚无完善的研究方法。结合新干枢纽仿自然鱼道工程,建立了1∶12的整体物理模型试验,对鱼道初步设计方案的水流条件进行了论证。结果表明,采用常规鱼道的研究方法控制鱼道内底坡、底宽、池室长度、偏移率和透水率等参数,然后通过整体物理模型试验进行验证和优化,可有效地用于指导仿自然鱼道的设计。与常规鱼道相比,仿自然鱼道受断面型式及建造材料的尺寸误差等影响,鱼道线路内流速差异明显。特别是鱼道转弯段,偏移率受弯道影响,流速易出现较直线段高或低的情况。研究成果为工程的设计提供了参考依据,同时为仿自然鱼道的设计和研究提供了参考。Nature-like fishways not only satisfies the migration needs of different fishes, but also increases the diversi- ty of fish habitats in river channels. It is the hot research area, to which researchers pay much attention recently. For the complexity of the structure, the variability of cross section type, and the difficulty of roughness calculation at bot- tom and side slope, there is no accepted and perfected method to study the flow condition of nature-like fishways at present. This paper takes nature-like fishway of Xin＇gan hydro-junction as research object. An integral physical model test with scale of 1：12 is established to explore the feasibility of flow conditions in fishway scheme. The results show that the research methods of technical fishways can be used to control the parameters of nature-like fishways such as bottom slope, bottom width, pool length, deviation rate, permeability, and so on. Then the integral physical model test with validation and optimization can be applied to guide the design of nature-like fishways. Compared to technical fishways, the velocity difference in nature-like fishways route is obviously influenced by size error of cross section and construction material. Especially, in the curved section of fishways, the deviation rate is affected by the curve, and the velocity is easy to be higher or lower than the one in the straight route. The research may offer a sound basis for en- gineering design, and also provide a frame of reference to study the nature-like fishways.

关 键 词：仿自然鱼道 物理模型试验 水流条件 体型优化 

分 类 号：TV135.9[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]