桌面式激光驱动冲击波技术及其在含能材料分子反应机制研究中的应用  

A Desktop Laser Driven Shock Wave Technique and Its Applications to Molecular Reaction Mechanism of Energetic Materials

作　　者：宋云飞[1] 郑朝阳[1] 吴红琳[1] 郑贤旭[1] 吴强[1] 于国洋[1] 杨延强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理重点实验室,四川绵阳621999

出　　处：《高压物理学报》2018年第1期62-70,共9页Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21673211;11404307);科学挑战计划(2016001)

摘　　要：利用小型化桌面式脉冲激光驱动冲击波可实现材料的快速动态加载,具有成本低、实验重复频率高、加载速率超高等特点。介绍了桌面式激光驱动冲击技术的研究工作,以及该技术在含能材料冲击点火分子反应机制研究中的应用。目前已搭建的纳秒激光驱动冲击波实验系统可以实现上升时间仅为几纳秒、峰值压力不小于2 GPa的超快动态加载,并发展了相应的冲击特性表征技术。利用该实验系统,研究了典型含能材料RDX的冲击感度,发现冲击高压导致的分子内电荷转移是影响材料感度的关键因素,高压下RDX分子杂环上的电子向NO2转移并导致硝基的反应感度增加。该研究成果为认识RDX的冲击反应机制提供了一定的实验依据。通过现有的以及即将开展的工作,希望能够建立一套完整的技术手段,为从分子层次上研究含能材料的冲击反应机理提供实验支持。The miniature desktop pulse laser equipment can be used to drive shock wave and load dynamic high pressure（DHP） in materials,a technique marked by its low cost,high experimental repetition frequency and ultra high loading rate.The present paper presents the work we have done so far on the desktop laser driven shock wave technique and its corresponding application in exploring the molecular reaction mechanism of energetic materials under shock.We have built an experimental system using nanosecond laser pulses and developed a method to characterize the features of shock wave. The laser driven shock wave obtained in our experiment has a rise-time of only a few nanoseconds and a peak pressure of no less than 2 GPa.This experimental system has been used to study the shock sensitivity of the typical energetic materials RDX.It was found that the intramolecular charge transfer induced by DHP is a key factor influencing the sensitivity. Under high pressure,the electrons on the C-N heterocycle will transfer to the nitro group,leading to the increase of the sensitivity of NO2.This result can provide experimental reference for understanding the shock ignition mechanism of RDX.Through the present and the future subsequent work,we expect to develop a comprehensive experimental technique that can support the investigation about the shock ignition mechanism of energetic materials on the molecular level.

关 键 词：桌面式激光驱动冲击波技术 含能材料 冲击反应 RDX 

分 类 号：O521.3[理学—高压高温物理] O521.2[理学—物理]