2011-2016年重庆市疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析  

Study on the surveillance of adverse events following immunization in Chongqing from 2011 to 2016

作　　者：许濒月[1] 周颖[1] 韩真明[1] 王青[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆400041

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2018年第2期273-276,313,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解重庆市疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Events Following Immunization,AEFI)的发生特点,评价监测系统运转情况、疫苗安全性和预防接种服务质量。方法通过中国AEFI监测管理系统收集重庆市2011-2016年AEFI数据,采用描述性方法对相关指标进行流行病学分析。结果重庆市2011-2016年报告AEFI病例6 019例,报告发生率为10.57/10万剂,报告县覆盖率100%,48 h内报告率为94.91%,48 h内调查率为97.28%,调查3 d内报告率为85.36%;男性占55.79%,病例集中在O^1岁组儿童,占68.52%,2、3季度报告最多,发生AEFI居前5位的疫苗为百白破(无细胞)疫苗、麻风疫苗、白破疫苗、流脑A群疫苗和乙脑减毒活疫苗;异常反应占14.75%,异常反应临床损害前3位的是过敏性皮疹、血管性水肿和BCG淋巴结炎。结论重庆市AEFI监测运行质量逐年提高,但尚有提高空间。全市疫苗总体安全,预防接种服务应在严格预检、规范接种途径和加强留观等方面提高。Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the features of the adverse events following immunization （AEFI） in Chongqing city from 2011 to 2016, in order to evaluate the operation of AEFI surveillance system, the safety of vaccines and the quality of immunization service. Methods The AEFI data were collected through the AEFI information management system. Descriptive epidemiology method for relevant indicators was used in this study. Results A total of 6019 AEFI cases were reported from 2011 to 2016. The reported incidence of AEFI was 10.57/10s doses. The coverage rate at county level reached 100%. The rate of timely reporting within 48 hours was 94.91%. The rate of timely investigation within 48 hours was 97.28%. The rate of the questionnaire timely investigation within 3 days was 85.36%. Men accounted for 55.8%. The AEFI cases were mainly concentrated in the children from 0-1 years old, accounting for 68.5% of the total. The majority of the cases was reported from April to September. The top five vaccines caused AEFI were diphtheria tetanus acellular pertussis combined vaccine, measles and rubella combined vaccine-live, diphtheria tetanus combined vaccine, vaccine of epidemic meningitis type A and Japanese encephalitis vaccine-live. Rare adverse reaction accounted for 14.8%. The top three clinical damage of rare adverse reaction in tum were allergic rashes, angioedema arid lymphnoditis caused by BCG. Conclusion The sensitivity and the quality of the surveillance for AEFI were obviously improved yearly, while it still should be improved. The characteristic of the AEFI cases was consistent to the national data, and the vaccine used in Chongqing city was safe. More work should be done in preview, strengthening the immune way and the observation after immunization.

关 键 词：AEFI 监测 重庆 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]