玉米滴灌过程中施肥时段对氮肥利用效率的影响研究  

Effect of Fertilization Time on Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Maize Drip Irrigation

作　　者：麻玮青 范兴科[1,2] MA Wei-qing;FAN Xing-ke(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A＆F Universiy, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A ＆F University, Yangling712100, Shaanxi Province, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2018年第1期14-18,23,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金："十二五"国家支撑计划课题项目(2015BAD22B05)

摘　　要：滴灌施肥技术能够适时适量地将水肥直接供应到作物根系附近的土壤,可以同时实现节水节肥,高效高产,减少环境污染。以宁夏扬黄灌区春玉米为研究对象,采用滴灌施肥方式,设置4个施肥时段处理(先肥后水,先水再肥后水,先水后肥,肥水同步),观测不同处理灌后第2 d和灌后第9 d土壤剖面中硝态氮的分布状况。结果显示先肥后水以及肥水同步土壤湿润体内硝态氮运移活跃,分布范围相对较大;先水后肥硝态氮的分布范围相对较小,主要分布在亚表层及以上,径向分布也相对较窄。经玉米吸收利用先肥后水的灌水施肥方式硝态氮残留最少,玉米吸收利用较为彻底,肥料利用率较其他处理略高。Drip fertigation technology can directly supply water and fertilizer to the soil near the crop roots,can achieve water and fertilizer saving,high yield,reduce environmental pollution.In this study,spring maize was used as the research object,drip fertilization way was used,four fertilization period（the first fertilizer after the water,the first water and then fertilizer after the water,the first water after fertilizer,fertilizer and water synchronization） were set,the distribution of NO3-N in the soil profile of the second and tenth day after irrigation was observed.The results showed that in the first fertilizer and fertilizer and water synchronization,the nitrate-N migration was active and the distribution range was relatively large;the distribution range of nitrate-N in the first water was relatively small,it mainly distributed in the sub-surface layer and above,and the radial distribution was also relatively narrow;after the absorption of maize,the first fertilizer after water irrigation way had the fewest nitrate nitrogen residue,corn absorption was more thorough,fertilizer utilization rate was slightly higher than other treatments.

关 键 词：玉米 滴灌施肥 土壤硝态氮 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]