关中西部灌区限量节水灌溉对冬小麦水分利用效率和产量的影响  

Effect of Limited Water-saving Irrigation on Winter Wheat Water Use Efficiency and Yield in Guanzhong Irrigation District

作　　者：刘小利 蔡铁[1,2,3] 徐悦 贾志宽 任小龙[1,2,3] LIU XiaoJi;CAI Tie;XU Yue;JIA Zhi-kuan;REN Xiao-long(Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage in northwest loess plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China;College of Agronomy, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2018年第1期24-29,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B02);国家自然科学基金项目(31571614;31601257);陕西省农业科技创新与攻关项目(2015NY115)

摘　　要：为探索在半湿润灌区基于沟垄集雨种植模式的小麦高产节水栽培技术途径,于2015年10月-2017年6月在西北农林科技大学农学院试验基地,以西农979为材料,研究了不同种植模式结合小麦主要生育期限量灌水对作物水分利用效率和小麦产量的影响。结果显示,在传统平作常量畦灌(F150)的基础上,减少50%的灌水量,F75小麦产量两年分别下降18.86%、10.07%;集雨种植+灌水75 mm处理(R75)与F150处理相比,小麦产量略有小幅降低,但尚未达显著(P<0.05)水平,且R75与R150处理亦无显著(P<0.05)差异。此外,R75较F150处理灌水利用效率显著(P<0.05)提高,两年增幅分别为95.51%、104.2%,作物水分利用效率分别提高了31.23%、13.1%。结果表明,集雨种植可高效利用降水及灌溉水,满足小麦生长发育及产量提升;基于集雨种植模式,通过在小麦关键生育期限量灌水,较传统平作常量畦灌(F150)产量无明显降低情况下,实现节水40%~70%。In order to explore the winter wheat high-yield and water-saving planting approach based on ridge and furrow rain-harvesting planting mode in semi-humid traditional irrigation area,in October 2015 to June 2016,the Xinong 979 was taken as study object to study the effects of different planting ways combined with limited irrigation in the growth period of winter wheat on soil water content and water use efficiency of winter wheat.The results showed that：when the irrigation amount was decreased by 50% of the traditional border irrigation amount（F150）,the wheat yield of F75 treatment was decreased by 18.86% and 10.07%,respectively,for the two years;comparing the R75 treatment（rain-harvesting planting with 75 mm irrigation amount） with the F150 treatment,the wheat yield was decreased slightly,not reached the significant level（P〈0.05）;the R75 treatment and R150 treatment had no significant difference;the IWUE of R75 treatment was significantly enhanced by 95.51% and 104.2%,respectively,and WUE was enhanced by 31.23% and 13.1%,respectively,for the two years.The results indicate that the rain-harvesting planting can efficiently use rainfall and irrigation water,meet the wheat growth and increase yield;rain-harvesting planting with limited irrigation in key growth period can save water by 40% to 70% without obvious yield decrease.

关 键 词：集雨种植 限量灌水 小麦 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]