奶牛围产期饲粮营养平衡和机体营养生理状况评价体系  

A Comprehensive Evaluation System of Dietary Nutrient Balance and Characteristics of Nutrition and Physiology in Transition Dairy Cows

作　　者：孙博非 余超 曹阳春[1] 蔡传江[1] 李生祥[1] 姚军虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,杨陵712100 [2]陕西省商洛市畜牧产业发展中心,商洛726000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2018年第1期14-21,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31472122;31672451)

摘　　要：围产期是奶牛泌乳周期中的关键时期,涉及胎儿生长发育、健康维持、乳腺更新和修复及泌乳启动等重要生理过程,其饲养管理与奶牛健康和泌乳性能密切相关。随着研究的深入,围产期奶牛的主要生理代谢特征已相对明晰,但奶牛围产期饲粮营养平衡和机体营养生理状况评价体系尚未完善,且多以单个生物标志物反映奶牛生理状态,代表性不强,综合指数评价体系鲜有应用。本文汇总论述了奶牛围产期营养平衡和营养生理的综合评价体系,旨在为进一步明确奶牛围产期营养平衡规律和代谢特征,确定营养需要量参数和精细化饲养工艺提供科学依据和技术参考。The transition period is a pivotal period in the whole lactation cycle of dairy cows,which involves the fetal growth and development,health maintenance,renewal and reconstruction of the mammary gland,as well as the onset of lactation and so on. Hence,the precise management of transition cows is highly correlated with the health and lactation performance. As research continues,the main metabolic characteristics of transition dairy cow become comparatively clear. However,the evaluation systems for dietary nutrient balance and body nutritional physiological condition are not completely established either. Moreover,a few individual biomarkers are usually detected to reflect the physiological status of transition dairy cows,and the representativeness remains controversial. Till now,the comprehensive evaluation system is rarely applied in transition dairy cows. In this review,we summarized and discussed the comprehensive evaluation system of transition dairy cows,thereby providing scientific basis and technical references for further explicating nutrient balance and metabolic dynamics,as well as developing nutrient requirements and conducting precise feeding strategies.

关 键 词：营养平衡 综合评价指数 围产期奶牛 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]