“家庭”还是“市场”:关于提高农民收入问题的再思考——基于广西壮族自治区南宁市武鸣县小梁村的农户调查  

“Family” or “market”: The re-consideration on the improvement of farmers' income: Based on the Investigation in Xiaoliang village,Wuming County,Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

作　　者：苏毅清 王志刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学中国农村研究院,北京100084 [2]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872

出　　处：《运筹与管理》2018年第1期160-170,共11页Operations Research and Management Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(11&ZD052)

摘　　要：通过梳理我国在增加农民收入上所采取的有关政策、效果评价,总结了学者们对农民收入问题认识的变迁过程,提出农民的收入是其劳动力与其他生产要素相结合的结果,即农民收入是否能够有效地提高,关键在于农民是否可以并且是否愿意灵活地分配其劳动力与其他生产要素相结合。通过运用农户模型(AHM),并基于对广西农户的调研数据进行的线性规划分析,本文得到以下三点结论:首先,专于经济作物种植的农户在收入上仍有较大的增长空间,农业收入依然是他们收入来源和收入增长的主要力量。其次,在实现最优生产决策的前提下,农民仍有大量的劳动时间未被充分利用,这为农民灵活地支配劳动提供了可能。再次,农民是否选择利用剩余的劳动时间离开土地并从事非农产业活动还要根据其种植农作物的品种决定。最后,根据结论提出了相关的对策和建议。Through the pectination of the relevant policy adopted as well as its effect evaluation on increasing the income of the farmers in our country, the change process of scholars＇ understanding on the problem of farmers＇ income was summarized. It was put forward that, the farmers＂ income originated from the combination between the labor and other factors of production. In another word, the key whether the income of the farmers was able to be effectively improved was that, whether farmers could and were willing to flexibly distribute their labor to be combinated with other production factors. Through the use of householders＇ types （AHM） , on the basis of linear programming analysis on survey data of farmers in First, for the farmers focused on economic crops, Guangxi, the following three points were drawn in the paper： there was still greater room in the growth of income. The agri- cultural income was still the main force of their sources of income and income growth. Secondly, under the prem- ise of the realization of the optimal production decision, the fact that there was a lot of labor time which hadnt been fully utilized for farmers, provided the possibility for the farmers to control labor flexibly. Thirdly, whether the farmers chose to use the surplus labor time to leave the land and engage in non-agricultural activities should be depended on the variety of crops. Finally, according to the conclusions, some related countermeasures and suggestions were puts forward.

关 键 词：农民收入 农户模型 劳动力 土地 线性规划 

分 类 号：F304.8[经济管理—产业经济]