尿素和生物质炭对茶园土壤pH值及CO_2和CH_4排放的影响  

The effect of wheat-straw derived biochar on the soil pH and emissions of CO_2 and CH_4 from tea garden soil

作　　者：蒋梦蝶 何志龙[1] 孙赟 周维[1] 胡荣桂[1,2] 林杉[1] JIANG Meng-die;HE Zhi-long;SUN Yun;ZHOU Wei;HU Rong-gui;LIN Shan(College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;Ecological Environment Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学环境生态中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2018年第1期196-204,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2012CB417100);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662016PY098);国家自然科学基金项目(41201255)~~

摘　　要：为明确生物质炭对酸化茶园土壤改良及温室气体排放的影响,利用室内培养试验,研究了在施氮(N1)和不施氮(N0)条件下,不同小麦秸秆生物质炭添加量(B1,10 g·kg^(-1);B2,30 g·kg^(-1);B3,50 g·kg^(-1))对茶园土壤pH值、CO_2和CH_4排放的影响。结果表明,添加生物质炭显著提高了茶园土壤pH值(P<0.05),生物质炭施加比例越高,土壤pH值提高幅度越大,处理组N0B1、N0B2和N0B3土壤平均pH较对照组CK(氮和生物质炭都不施)分别提高了0.18、0.53、1.06个单位,生物质炭添加量为3%(B2)时,短期内可达到提高土壤pH值、改良酸化土壤的效果;CO_2和CH_4的累积排放量随着生物质炭添加比例的升高而增大,且显著高于对照组CK(P<0.05)。施加尿素短期内显著提高了土壤pH值(P<0.05),并促进了CO_2的排放,但对CH_4的排放无显著影响。与单施生物质炭相比,生物质炭与尿素共施时土壤pH提高幅度更大,CO_2累积排放量提高程度也更为显著,而CH_4的排放得到抑制,但仍显著高于对照组CK(P<0.05)。生物质炭的添加在提高土壤pH值的同时也会增加CO_2和CH_4的排放量,增大环境风险,但当土壤酸化程度较轻时,可适当施加低量生物质炭,在缓解土壤酸化状况的同时尽可能地减少温室气体的排放量。Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of biochar addition on the amelioration of acidified tea garden soil and the resultant greenhouse gas emissions. Different amounts of wheat-straw derived biochar（no biochar（B0）：0 g·kg^-1; low biochar（B1）：10 g·kg^-1; medium biochar（B2）：30 g·kg^-1; and high biochar（B3）：50 g·kg^-1; with or without urea（N or N0））were added to tea garden soil.The effects of these biochar additions on soil pH, as well as CO2 and CH4 emissions was measured. The results indicate that the addition of biochar significantly improved the acidified tea garden soil pH（P〈0.05）. The soil pH was found to increase with an increasing application rate of biochar, with the soil pH value for N0B1, N0B2, and N0B3 increasing by 0.18, 0.53, and 1.06, respectively. A high biochar（B3）application rate resulted in higher cumulative emissions of CO2 and CH4. A 3% addition of biochar was enough to improve soil pH within a short period of time. When biochar was combined with urea for addition to the soil, higher soil pH values and CO2 emissions were observed,while CH4 emissions were inhibited compared to biochar addition alone. Therefore, the addition of biochar has a more positive effect on the amelioration of acidic soils when soil acidification is not serious. A lower addition rate of biochar is recommended to improve soil pH, while decreasing the emission of greenhouse gases.

关 键 词：茶园 尿素 小麦秸秆生物质炭 pH CO2 CH4 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]