波浪对蘑菇头式取水口吸气漩涡流态影响的试验研究  

Experiment study of wave effect on flow pattern of air-core vortex at mushroom-shape water intake

作　　者：段亚飞[1] 刘赞强[1] 张强[1] 纪平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《水利水电技术》2018年第1期102-107,共6页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"紊流-泥沙协同作用下放射性核素输运的机理和数值模拟研究"(51409272);国家重点研发计划"梯级高坝大库水温结构变化的生态影响和分层取水技术"(2016YFC050220)

摘　　要：滨海蘑菇头式取水口进口流态受波浪影响明显,但波浪作用下的取水口吸气漩涡规律尚缺乏系统研究,如何防止进水口前产生有害吸气漩涡是进水口设计中急需解决的问题。以某滨海电厂取水口为例,采用物理模型试验方法,研究了波浪作用下的取水蘑菇头进水流态和吸气漩涡特征,分析了波浪影响下取水口防进气所需的最小淹没深度。试验结果表明,波浪会抑制取水口周缘形成稳定的吸气漩涡。取水蘑菇头在淹没深度不足时会随着波浪周期产生间歇式吸气,但进气量要比持续波谷水位时小。在预防有害吸气漩涡方面,波浪的存在可降低临界淹没深度值,设计实践中可对淹没深度规范公式(Gordon公式)加以修正使用,而修正系数的取值应根据波浪要素和取水口结构形式确定。研究结果可为类似工程设计提供参考。The effect from wave on the flow pattern at the inlet of the offshore water intake is obvious, however, there is lack of systematical study on the law of the air-core vortex at the water intake under the effect of wave at present, and then how to prevent the occurrence of harmful air-core vortex in front of water intake is a problem to be urgently solved during the design of the water intake. By taking the water intake of a coastal power plant as the study case, the inflow pattern and the air-core vortex characteristics at the mushroom-shape water intake under the effect of wave are studied through the relevant physical model exper- iment, and then the minimum submerged depth necessary for preventing the entrance of air into the water intake under the effect of wave is analyzed as well. The experiment result shows that wave can restrain the formation of stable air-core vortexes around the water intake. When the submerged depth is insufficient, the intermittent air entrance of air into the mushroom water intake is to occur along with the wave cycle, but the amount of air entrance is less than that from the water level of the continuous wave trough. In the aspect of preventing harmful air-core vortex, the existence of wave can lower the value of the critical submerged depth, while the specified formula （Gordon formula） for the submerged depth can be revised and used in the design practice concerned, for which the values of the revising coefficients are necessary to be taken in accordance with the wave elements and the structural patterns of water intake. The study result can provide references for the design of the similar project.

关 键 词：进水口 表面吸气漩涡 波浪 淹没深度 蘑菇头式取水口 

分 类 号：TM621[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]