露天矿岩质边坡生态重建技术研究现状及发展趋势  

Research Situation of Ecological Rehabilitation Technology in Rock Open-pit Mine and Its Developing Trend

作　　者：夏冬 李富平[1,2] 袁雪涛 郗红超[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学矿业工程学院,河北唐山063009 [2]河北省矿业开发与安全技术重点实验室,河北唐山063009

出　　处：《金属矿山》2018年第1期1-10,共10页Metal Mine

基　　金：河北省科技厅重点研发计划项目(编号:16234204D);华北理工大学博士科研启动项目(编号:28405199)

摘　　要：我国约有80%的矿产资源需要通过露天开采的形式来开发,矿山开采后形成的裸露边坡成为制约矿区生态恢复与重建的关键点。因此,开展露天矿岩质边坡生态恢复与重建的研究工作,对于实现我国绿色矿山建设具有重要的推动作用。在收集国内外相关研究资料的基础上,对岩体结构数字识别和岩质边坡生态重建技术进行了综述,对国内外研究现状进行了回顾与分析,进而总结了相关技术特点及其优缺点。指出在露天矿岩质边坡生态重建过程中,需在矿区地质、气候、土壤、生物、开采现状等调查的基础上,充分考虑边坡高度、坡面角、岩体空间结构几何信息、岩体风化程度及岩体质量等级对生态重建方案选取的影响,提出基于岩体结构数字识别的露天矿岩质边坡生态重建技术。对坡面适生植物筛选与生态系统长期稳定性、低成本岩质边坡植生基材的研制与开发、坡面—植生基质—根系统一体的相互作用机理及其整体力学稳定性等方面进行了展望。About 80% of mineral resources need to be developed in the form of open-pit mining in our country, and the exposed slope formed in mine exploitation, has become the key difficulty which restricts the ecological restoration and recon- struction of＂ the mining area. Hence, research on ecological restoration and reconstruction of open-pit mine rock slope plays an important role in the implementation of the construction of green mining in China. The digital identification of rock mass struc- tare and ecological restoration of rock slope are demonstrated and the advantages and disadvantages of the reconstruction of rock slope ecological technology based on the relevant data collected from domestic and overseas are summarized. In conclu- sion, in the process of ecological reconstruction of rocky slope in open-pit mine, the influence of slope height, slope angle, ge- ometry information of rock mass structure, rock weathering degree and rock mass quality grade on selection of the ecological re- construction scheme selection should be fully considered, based on the investigation on geology, climate, soil, biology and rock mass quality,exploitation status and so on. The ecological reconstruction technique of rocky slope in open pit mine based on digital recognition of rock mass structure is proposed. Meanwhile, a vista of future with respect to the selection of suitable plants on slope and the long-term stability of ecosystem,the research and development of low-cost planting substrate for rock slope, the interaction mechanism of slope-planting substrate-root system and its overall mechanical stability are also provided.

关 键 词：结构面 数字摄影测量 露天矿 岩质边坡 生态重建 

分 类 号：TU45[建筑科学—岩土工程]