植物染色体诱变研究与应用进展  

Recent advances in inducing and application of plant chromosome aberrations

作　　者：庄丽芳[1] 亓增军[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2018年第1期3-17,共15页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31370385;31671681)

摘　　要：植物染色体工程是通过人工诱致染色体变异进行植物改良的技术。染色体变异在外源基因转移和利用、染色体倍性操作、反向育种等方面发挥着重要作用,促进了染色体基因组学、物理作图和染色体生物学研究。基因组学、分子标记和染色体鉴定技术的发展进一步促进了化学、物理和遗传诱变的深入研究和应用,不断创造和鉴定出更多具有不同用途的染色体变异,为植物改良和遗传研究提供了新工具。本文综述了植物染色体诱变研究与应用进展,并对存在的问题和发展趋势进行了讨论,为有效开展染色体工程提供参考。Chromosome engineering refers to a kind of plant improvement technology in which chromosome aberrations are artificially induced. Chromosome aberrations play significant roles not only in transfering and utilization of alien genes, chromosome ploidy manipulation and reverse breeding, but also in chromosome gennmics, physical mapping and chromosome biology.With the develop- ment of plant genomies, molecular markers and chromosome identification technology, more chromosome aberrations with different purposes have been induced by chemical, physical and biological methods and identified for both plant improvement and genetic study. Recent progress of such researches was summarized and problems and prospects of induction and application of plant chromo- some aberrations were discussed.

关 键 词：植物 染色体工程 物理诱变 化学诱变 遗传诱变 

分 类 号：Q343.2[生物学—遗传学]