环境质量标准侵权法效力否议——兼评环境质量标准与污染物排放标准的侵权法效力之争  

Rejecting Tortious Validity of the Environmental Quality Standard—A Review of Tortious Validity Argument between Environmental Quality Standard and Pollutant Discharge Standard

作　　者：张式军[1] 徐欣欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《常州大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第1期20-31,共12页Journal of Changzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目"生态安全犯罪对策研究"(13BFX064);教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目"环境法律政策整合研究"(12YJA820062)

摘　　要：环境标准作为一种公法上的管制性规范能够以转换的方式发生侵权法上的效力已成为理论共识。但并非所有的环境标准都能够产生侵权法上的效力,对于何种环境标准能够产生侵权法效力,目前主要有环境质量标准侵权法效力说和污染物排放标准侵权法效力说之不同观点。环境标准发生侵权法效力的原因在于,行为人违反了环境标准所设定的行为注意义务,因此,具有侵权法效力的环境标准必然是能够设定行为注意义务的环境标准。环境质量标准设置的本意旨在为政府和环境行政部门设定行政任务和行政目标,并不具有为行为人设定行为注意义务的功能,其效力对象仅为行政主体而不能是行政相对人或侵权法上的侵权人。环境标准中的污染物排放标准具有设定行为注意义务的功能,超过污染物排放标准对排污行为所设定的注意义务,可能产生侵权法上的侵权责任。It has become a theoretical consensus that environmental standard as a form of regulative norm in public law shall have tortious validity by way of conversion.However,not all environmental standards can take tortious effetcs.On this issue,there are two opposing views,namely,tortious validity of environmental quality standard and tortious validity of pollutant discharge standard.The reason for tortious validity of environmental quality standard is that the actor violates the duty of care set up by the environmental standard,so tortious validity of the environmental standard should be able to set up the duty of care.The intention of setting up environmental quality standard is to draw up administrative assignments and goals for the government and the environmental executive instead of the duty of care for the actor.Its validity object can only be the administrative body instead of the administrative party or the infringer.Pollutant discharge standard in environmental standard has the function of setting up the duty of care.The duty of care of pollutant discharge action exceeding pollutant discharge standard can be tort liability in tort law.

关 键 词：环境标准 环境质量标准 污染物排放标准 侵权法效力 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]