鳀鱼粉、金枪鱼粉、鳕鱼排粉和酶解鳀鱼浆对黄颡鱼生长及健康的影响  

Effects of anchovy,tuna,cod steak fish meals and anchovy hydrolysate on growth,serum biochemical parameters and the surface structure of gastric mucous in yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

作　　者：吴代武 何杰[1] 汪冰 王梦影 周露阳 高敏敏 叶元土[1] 蔡春芳[1] 吴萍[1] 浦琴华 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学基础医学与生物科学学院,江苏苏州215123 [2]浙江一星实业股份有限公司,浙江海盐314300

出　　处：《中国饲料》2018年第1期63-68,共6页China Feed

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31172417)

摘　　要：为了探讨鱼粉质量以及原料鱼加工方式对黄颡鱼生产性能、鱼体健康的影响,以30.5%的高灰分、高组胺鳀鱼粉(FM)为对照,按相同鱼粉蛋白质水平计算低灰分、高组胺的金枪鱼粉(TFM)和高灰分、低组胺的鳕鱼鱼排粉(CFM)在饲料中的用量;按鱼粉蛋白质含量的35%,在高植物蛋白饲料中添加酶解鳀鱼浆(FPH);共设计4组等氮等能饲料,在池塘网箱中养殖黄颡鱼[初始体质量(30.08±0.35)g]60 d。结果显示:FM组黄颡鱼的特定生长率(SGR)最高,其次为FPH组,TFM和CFM组比FM组低11.4%、14.9%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组饲料系数(FCR)、蛋白质沉积率(PRR)和脂肪沉积率(FRR)也差异不显著(P>0.05)。全鱼水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分差异不显著(P>0.05)。CFM组肥满度(CF)、肝体比(HSI)和脏体比(VSI)均最高,HSI显著高于TFM(P<0.05)。各组血清谷草转氨酶(ASL)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总蛋白(LTP)、白蛋白(ALB)、葡萄糖(GLU)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平无显著差异(P>0.05),与TFM组相比,FPH组血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、胆固醇(CHOL)和甘油三酯(TG)分别降低42.0%、37.0%、35.0%,变化显著(P>0.05)。在扫描电镜下观察发现,黄颡鱼摄食较高组胺水平的饲料(FM、TFM组)后,胃部黏膜结构出现损伤,上皮细胞破损明显。研究表明:植物蛋白饲料中添加12%的酶解鱼浆(干物质),其生产性能与30%鱼粉具有一定的等效性;鱼粉蛋白质用量相同时,黄颡鱼的生长速度和饲料利用效率不受鱼粉主要营养成分的影响,但饲料组胺水平较高时,其胃黏膜上皮细胞会出现损伤。The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sources and processing methods for raw materials on growth performance and health in yellow catfish.Three fish meal diets were prepared from the cod steak,tuna and anchovy fish meals to meet the same amount of fish meal protein,and were named FM（anchovy）,TFM（tuna） and CFM（cod steak）.Another diet was designated as FPH,in which fish protein hydrolysate was supplied as the 35% of fish meal protein in FM diet.The four experimental diets were isonitrogenous,isolipidic and isoenergetic.The diets were fed to three replicate experimental cages of yellow catfish [initial body weight of（30.08±0.35 g）] for 60 days in outdoor farming system.The results showed that the highest specific growth rate（SGR） of fish was obtained in FM group and the second was FPH.Compared to FM,SGR of fish fed TFM and CFM were decreased 11.4% and 14.9%,but there was no difference in all groups（P〉0.05）.The feed coefficient（FCR）,protein retention rate（PRR） and fat retention rate（FRR） of all treatments had no significant differences（P〉0.05）.The moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash contents of whole-body were not different significantly（P〈0.05）.The condition factor（CF）,hepatosomatic index（HSI） and viscerosomatic index（VSI） were the highest in CFM,and HSI of CFM was significantly higher than that of TFM（P〈0.05）.No differences in the serum aspartate aminotransferase（ASL）,alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,total protein（LTP）,albumin（ALB）,glucose（GLU） and high density lipoprotein（HDL） were observed among the groups,while serum low density lipoprotein（LDL）,cholesterol（CHOL）,and triglyceride（TG）of FPH were significantly decreased 42.0%,37.0%,35.0% than those of TFM（P〈0.05）.The damaged surface structure of gastric mucosa and epithelial cells were observed in FM and TFM group under the scanning electron microscope.These results showed that the growth and feed utilization of yellow catfish were not

关 键 词：黄颡鱼 酶解鱼浆 鱼粉 组胺 胃黏膜 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]