基于GIS的层次分析法在宁夏地质灾害易发性评价的应用  

Application of GIS-based Analytic Hierarchy Process in Geological Hazards Assessment in Ningxia Region

作　　者：高丽琰 余江宽[2] 张幼莹[2] 程捷[1] Gao Liyan;Yu Jiangkuan;Zhang Youying;Cheng Jie(School of Earth Sciences and Resource, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, China;China Aero Geophisical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources, Beijing 100083, China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学,地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083

出　　处：《防灾科技学院学报》2017年第4期8-15,共8页Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(121201203000160007)

摘　　要：宁夏地区地质环境较差,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝等地质灾害频发,不稳定斜坡大量存在,地质灾害已经成为阻滞宁夏地区经济发展的重要因素。通过资料收集、遥感解译、野外调查等一系列工作,调查宁夏灾害点的种类、数量以及分布位置,并采用层次分析法,分析确定出地质灾害发生的影响因子,建立层次模型,计算各个影响因子的权重,在GIS平台下,对各个因子进行分析并进行归一化处理,将各个评价因子与其权重进行叠加计算,最终得出宁夏地区地质灾害易发性分区结果。结果表明:高易发区占地面积约6.89%,总面积约为4575km2,主要分布于宁夏南部;地质灾害中易发区,约占整个宁夏地区的40.86%,总面积约为27131km2;地质灾害低易发区,约占整个宁夏地区的52.25%,总面积约为34694km2。The geological environment in Ningxia area is poor. The frequent occurrence of geological disasters such as collapse,landslides,debris flows,ground subsidence and ground fissures,a lot of unstable slopes have become an important factor to block economic development in Ningxia. Firstly,through data collection,remote sensing and field investigation etc.,we figured out the types,quantity and distribution location of the geological hazards points in Ningxia. Secondly,we analyzed and determined the influence factors of the geological hazards by Analytic Hierarchy Process to establish the hierarchy model and calculated the weight of each factor. Finally,we analyzed and normalized each factor based on the GIS platform and calculated each factor and its weight is by superposition method to obtainthe partition result of geological hazards susceptibility in Ningxia. The results show that the area with high geological hazards susceptibility is about 6. 89%,with a total area of about 4575 km^2,which are mainly distribute in the south of Ningxia; The area with medium geological hazards susceptibility is about 40. 86%,with a total area of about 27131 km^2; The area with geological hazards susceptibilityis about 52. 25%,with a total area of about 34694 km^2.

关 键 词：地质灾害 易发性评价 层次分析法 GIS 宁夏地区 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学]