美国《打击野生动植物非法贸易国家战略》之思考  

National Strategy for Combating Wildlife Trafficking of The United States

作　　者：秦红霞[1] 余娟[1] 杨玉芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京森林警察学院,南京210032

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2018年第1期191-196,共6页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目"美国象牙贸易及管理体制研究"(RWYB201613)的成果

摘　　要：美国的野生动植物保护法律《雷斯法案》和《濒危物种法》体现了对他国物种的关切,但本质上是保护本国野生动植物资源的法律。2013年以来,美国开始着力用全球性视野看待和应对物种多样性危机,把濒危物种保护工作提升到国家战略层面,制定了野生动植物国家战略。该战略实际上是美国以领导者角色自居,为带领其他国家保护所有物种而制定的全球性战略,意在借此加强美国的影响力和领导力,实现本国国家利益。据其2015年国家战略进展报告,美国主要以非洲象和非洲犀等标志性物种为目标和抓手,主导和促进全球性的努力和合作。该战略虽以本国国家利益为出发点,但现阶段物种多样性维护具有历史正当性和正义性,我国应在支持和协助的同时,促进其在国家利益和物种多样性维护之间找到平衡点。Although the Lacey Act （ 1900 ） and the Endangered Species Act （ 1973 ） of the United States of America（ USA）show concern for foreign wildlife, both focused on the conservation of do- mestic wildlife resources. From 2013, the U. S started to consider and treat biodiversity crisis from a global view, lifting wildlife conservation to the international level and working out a national strategy. This strategy is actually a global strategy that allows America to take the leadership in the world~ efforts to conserve wildlife species in the world. By this strategy, America meant to en- hance its global influence and leadership, therefore benefit its national interests. According to 2015 national progress report, America led and promoted global commitment and cooperation in wildlife conservation practice, with iconic species like African elephant and rhinos as primary con- cerns. Although the strategy is set for national interests of the USA, the conservation of biodiversi- ty is of historical legitimacy and justice in the era. Therefore, China should give support and offer assistance, while at the same time try to help the strategy achieve a proper balance between biodi- versity conservation and America＇s national interests.

关 键 词：美国 物种保护 国家战略 进展报告 

分 类 号：X3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]