论南海地区海上非传统安全合作机制的建设——基于海盗与海上恐怖主义问题的分析  

Non-Traditional Maritime Security Mechanism in the South China Sea: A Focus on Piracy and Maritime Terrorism

作　　者：洪农 

机构地区：[1]中国南海研究院海洋法律与政策研究所 [2]中国南海研究院中美研究中心

出　　处：《亚太安全与海洋研究》2018年第1期36-52,共17页Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs

摘　　要：南海地区海上非传统安全问题愈发严重,确保海上安全已经成为南海沿岸国面临的一个迫切任务。本文从相关国际法对于海上安全的解读、南海沿岸国及域外相关国家的海洋政策路径、沿岸国与使用国合作的新方向三个方面阐述了构建南海地区海上安全合作机制的重要性。文章分析《联合国海洋法公约》以及其他法律和准法律的工具在打击海盗与海上恐怖活动、保障航行安全方面发挥的作用及其存在的局限性。除了国际法发挥的作用,沿岸国以及域外利益攸关国家如何就加强海上安全合作选择的政策路径也扮演了重要的角色。沿海国和使用国越来越意识到它们在确保海洋资源和海上通道得到持续有效利用方面存在共同利益,但对于实现这一目标的具体方法存在显著分歧。尽管如此,我们还应该看到地区国家近年来在打击海盗和海上恐怖活动方面保持了良好的合作态势。为了实现海上安全合作,需要有关国家努力凝聚共识,提高互信,打消海上合作将会影响主权权利的担忧。此外,南海声索国可以通过国际海事组织和东盟等国际组织加强区域合作,深化相互理解,最终为海上安全合作做好铺垫。Maritime security concerns in the South China Sea are increasing for several reasons: higher volumes of shipping traffic,protection of EEZ resources,piracy,terrorist threats,greater international scrutiny of ports and shipping,and the modernization of regional naval and coast guard forces. This article explores the contribution and limits of UNCLOS and other legal and quasi-legal instruments in tackling maritime threats. It also looks at the policy of both coastal state and user states and regional cooperation in addressing maritime security. Given the complex situation in the South China Sea,to achieve maritime security cooperation in this region requires that the relevant states work hard to reach consensus and build up mutual confidence,and eliminate the concern that maritime cooperation will affect the claim of sovereign right. In addition,the claimant states of the South China Sea should enhance cooperation through the international organizations in this region,such as IMO,ASEAN,to deepen the mutual understanding and confidence,eventually pave the way for maritime security cooperation.

关 键 词：南海 海上安全 国际法 合作机制 

分 类 号：D823[政治法律—政治学] D993.5[政治法律—外交学]