全膜双垄沟播玉米田选用除草地膜的适宜田间杂草密度研究  

Effects of covering weeding film on the suitable weed density in double-ridge maize fields with whole plastic-film mulching

作　　者：姜延军 岳德成 李青梅 韩菊红 史广亮 柳建伟 漆永红[2] 贾春虹[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省平凉市农业科学院,平凉744000 [2]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,兰州730070 [3]北京市农林科学院植物保护环境保护研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《植物保护》2018年第1期110-115,共6页Plant Protection

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1011NKCA065);甘肃省农业科学院院地科技合作项目(2015GAAS07);平凉市农业科学院科技计划项目(2014018);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303022)

摘　　要：在陇东旱塬生态条件下,田间测定了全膜双垄沟播玉米田选用化学除草地膜和黑色地膜的适宜田间杂草密度。结果表明,全膜双垄沟播玉米田覆盖白色地膜,玉米主要农艺性状、产量及经济效益均随田间杂草密度的增加而降低。杂草密度至少达到116.68株/m2和163.48株/m2时,分别选择覆盖化学除草地膜和黑色地膜可使玉米株高、株高整齐度、茎粗、茎粗整齐度、果穗长、果穗粗、穗粒数、百粒重、有效成穗株率、单位面积有效果穗数等主要农艺性状较覆盖白色地膜有明显改善,玉米产量和经济效益较覆盖白色地膜均有显著提高,产量增幅分别达到1.89%~48.18%和3.87%~47.72%,纯收益增幅分别达到4.49%~157.16%和11.21%~158.88%。Under the ecological conditions in the east of Gansu,the suitable weed density for covering chemical weeding film and black film in double-ridge maize fields with whole plastic-film mulching were evaluated in the field.The results showed that the main agronomic traits,yield and economic benefits,when covered with white films,were decreased with the increase of weed density.The chemical weeding film and black film were used when the weed density in the field reached more than 116.68 plants/m2 and 163.48 plants/m2,respectively.Compared with the white film,covering the chemical weeding film and black film not only improved maize height,height uniformity,stem diameter,stem diameter uniformity,ear length,ear diameter,ear grain number,100 grain weight,the effective spike rate and effective ear number per unit area,but also increased maize yield and economic benefit.The increase of output reached 1.89%-48.18% and 3.87%-47.72%,respectively.The increase of net income reached 4.49%-157.16% and 11.21%-158.88%,respectively.

关 键 词：全膜双垄沟播 玉米田 化学除草地膜 黑色地膜 适宜杂草密度 

分 类 号：S451.1[农业科学—植物保护]