不列颠博物馆藏嘉兴协防务呈文考释  

Interpretation on Rare Historical Data of Defence Official Documents of Jiaxing Camp in British Museum

作　　者：刘威[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学历史学院,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第1期12-17,共6页Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"不列颠图书馆藏中国近代珍稀文献辑录;校勘并考释"(15ZDB038);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(13BXW011);安徽省皖江学者特聘教授项目(2017)

摘　　要：第一次鸦片战争后期,在定海、镇海和宁波陷落后,清军开始重点布防嘉兴及乍浦。此后的乍浦之战是英军在浙江发动的最后一次攻城战。是役七千余名清军被两千英军击溃,海防要地乍浦被英国占领,之后英国又攻占了镇江,兵临南京,逼迫清政府签订了《南京条约》。新发现的两份史料是乍浦之战前嘉兴协防务呈文。第一份材料是嘉兴协更换绿营马兵战马呈文,乍浦是嘉兴协绿营右营防务地,在乍浦之战中亦有嘉兴协绿营兵参与。第二份材料显示乍浦之战前嘉兴协因部分士兵被提拔、裁汰及病故导致战马需重新分配,是第一份材料的补充。研究这些史料,可对鸦片战争后期清政府如何应对英军进攻有新的认识,也可进一步认识鸦片战争时期的中英关系。In the late period of the First Opium War, the Qing army set Jiaxing and Zhapu as key defence areas after Dinghai,Zhenhai and Ningbo falling into the enemy＇s hands. The battle of Zhapu was the last in Zhenjiang waged by British troops during the war. It is in this battle that over 7000 soldiers of the Qing army were defeated by 2000 British soldiers, and the key coastal region-Zhapu was occupied. Afterwards, The British conquered Zhenjiang and Nanjing where they forced Qing Government to sign The Treaty of Nanjing. Two historical documents discovered recently are the defence official documents of Jiaxing Camp before the battle of Zhapu. The first document is a official document written to change horsemen and war -horses. At that time, Zhapu is the defence area of the right green standard army. Green standard army has also taken part in the battle of Zhapu. The second file is a supplementary material for the former, since the troops need to be reallocated due to soldiers＇ promotions, leaves, diseases and deaths. After studying these documents, we create a new sense of how the Qing Government fought an invasion from the British troops in the late period of the Opium War. It is also important supplements to the study of the Sino- British relations during the Opium War.

关 键 词：乍浦之战 嘉兴协 绿营 马兵 

分 类 号：K206[历史地理—历史学] K253[历史地理—中国史]